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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiquas 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/cu  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-^tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sent  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


0   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  coulaur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagees 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pellicul6es 


E    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^color^es,  tachet^es  ou  piquees 


D 
D 
D 

D 
D 


D 


□ 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli*  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  interieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissant  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  filmdes. 


y 


D 

D 


Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachees 


rr]    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 


r~~|    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  inigale  de  ('impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc..  cnt  6t6  film^es  A  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


Pagination  is  as  follows  :  2,  [1]  -  6,  21  -  70,  [6]p. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ca  document  est  filme  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


/ 

1 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grflce  it  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iteeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  dtre 
fiim^s  d  des  taux  de  rdduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  ii  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivarits 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

''  1 


u 


'  * 


JJ-JL  I"! 


WELLinOTOIV    &    ABBOTT, 

■■  (SUCCESSOnS    TO    A.    SEIONRTTK   A    CO.,) 

No.  47  Water  Street,  New  Yprk, 

*  TMPOirrKRS    OF 

ANDIES.  OINS,  WINES,  FRUITS,  &c. 

e  Agents  in  flio  I'niU'd  Stiites  for  the  followinjr  liijjlily  crlobrated  Urnndios,  Ac.  :  — 

rouNAc. -.iri.Ks  uomx  &  co.. 

v  ROCHELLE.-ALKX.  SEKJNKTTK,     I'.  I  KVKQUE,-  A.  DELUCK. 

PINE   OLD    CHAMPAGNE.  -K.  (JKANTY.-H.  HUTTON. 
HOLliAND  «IN.     (JUAI'E   LEAF.  DEW   DKOP. 

We  have  constantly  on  hand  a  hirgo  stock  of  the  varions  grades  of 

Port,  Hherry,  Madeira,  Malas^u,  Claret,  Champagne  oui  other  Wines; 

Also,Scotclj  and  Irish  Whiskies,  Janiaica  and  St.  ("roix  limns,  White  Wine  Vinegar,  Bordeoux 
PruncB,  Olive  Oil,  Walnuts,  Castile  Soap,  Ac.  Ac. 
N.  B. — All  for  sale  O'oni  I'nitcd  States  Bonded  Wiirelidnses,  entitled  to  Debentnre. 


JV 


p^inor^m:^ 


r.i 


:-x'^ 


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or   THK 


k 


.  LAWRENCE, 


lixTF.xnixa 


FBOM   NIAGARA  TO   aUEBEC. 

KNa RAVED  FROM  THE  VHAR'M  OF  THE  CANADIAN  GOVERNMENT, 

PHOTOGRAPHS,  kc,  WITH 
VIEWS  OF   ALL    THE   CITIES  IN  CANADA. 

ILLUSTEATED    WITH    FORTY-TWO    EHGKAVINOS. 


BILLIARD    TABLES. 

I>  H  E  T.  A^  ]Sr '  S 

Improved  Billiard  Tables  and  Combination 

Cushions. 

l^ntented  liv  I.etters  I'ntent.,  dated 
Fvh.  19.  ISrxi ;  OH.  28, 185*5 ;  Ike.  .'>,  IS.^'v  ;  ./«)(.  l'.>.  1K58  ;  Nov.  IC),  1858  ;  nml  Mnr.  29, 1859. 


For  Sale  only  by  O'CONKOR  &  COLLENDER,  Bole  Ma&ufacturen, 

65,  W  if  69  Crosby  Street^  JTtw   Tork, 
And  the  Patentee,  MIOBABL  PHELAN,  786  and  788  Broadway. 

"  PBICE   TWENTT-FIVE  CENTS. 


•«? 


li 


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■  x'-jriiffiiis^l  J-;-,!  ,;*,, 


T  rr  ^''"''™'' '  " 


GLEN    COVE    STARCH    MANUFACTORY. 


The  above  engnivliid  represents  the  extensive 
workH,  erected  in  IS.')'^,  iitOlen  Cove.  LonRlsliiml,  for 
the  nianufiicture  of  Dnr.veii's  celebrated  l'»lent 
Htarch  iind  Miiizemi.  In  tlieir  eoniiib'tinn,  all  lias 
been  done  to  produce  ii  |)erfecl  niHiiiifaeturin}.'  estab- 
liHlinicnt,  tlnit  ample  niean^,  eidarjjed  experience, 
luid  tbe  latest  and  best  Inipiovenienis  in  intchanical 
science  conld  cnnnnand.  Its  mnnerons  resources  are 
unec|ua1led,  either  in  this  or  any  other  country,  and 
can  only  be  appreciated  when  it  is  unilerstimd  that  it 
is  capalde  of  turnin;?  out  'Jil  tons  of  the  linest  and 
purest  wldte  Ptarch  per  ihiy,  or  1',i,(Mt<l,(HH)  lbs.  per 
annum,  wtiich  is  some  4,iHtil,m)()  lbs,  more  than  all 
(Jreat  Ilritain  manufactured  in  lS!t5.  The  reputation 
of  this  starch  is  now  so  well  established,  that  it  needs 
no  especial  notice  to  commcml  it  to  the  public's  favor. 
It  is  onl.v  necessary  to  »a,v,  that  wliile  in  purlt.v  and 
strength  it  excels  all  others,  its  price  is  as  low  as 
tliat  obtained  for  ordinary  ((ualities. 

A  few  of  the  many  excellent  ijualities  for  which  this 

1st.  It  is  so  nutritious  that  the  robust  Inbourini;  man, 
may  derive  more  vital  strenRth  from  its  use,  than 
from  lis  eiiulvalent  in  meat,  or  any  other  substance, 

2d.  It  is  so  easily  digested,  that  the  most  confirmed 
dyspeptic,  nmy  not  oidy  eat  lieartily  of  it  without  dis- 
comfort,  but  may,  by  a  partial  conlinement  to  its  use, 
be  ultimately  restored  to  siound  health, 

8d.  Ileing  extremol.v  palatable,  and  ver,v  easily 
flavoured.  It  supplies  a  choice  article  of  diet,  eitlier  for 
the  Rormand,  or  for  tlie  .jaded  and  weakened  a)>i)etite 
tliat  cannot  relish  stronger  food, 

4th.  It  is  especially  adapted  to  the  use  of  children, 
particularly  such  as  are  of  weak  nrganism,  and  pre- 
disposed to  Summer  comjilaints,  or  to  derangements 
of  the  digestive  organs. 

The  various  forms  in  which  it  may  be  prejiared,  are 
dessert,  it  is  larKel.v  used  not  oidy  in  private  families,  but  in  many  of  tlie  best  liotels  in  the  country,  as  well 
as  upon  the  steamers  plying  upon  our  rivers  and  lakes,  it  being  folly  eipial  iu  nicety  of  relish  to  the  rlcliest 
pastry,  while  it  is  a  thousandfold  more  digestible  and  healthful.  It  is  eciually  adajited  to  the  making  of 
custards,  puddings,  pies,  cakes,  and  various  kind*  of  confections. 

We  append  receipts  for  a  few  of  its  most  pojmlar  forms  of  ju'eparation. 

Bhinc.  .Utittfie. — Heat  up  three  eggs,  and  tliorougld.v  |      BoUfl  CiiKtiin/,  <//■  Mmk-    '/>.///(.— Two    table- 
mix  in  six  tablespooiifula  of  JIai/.cna,  wl.ch  add  to  ,  spoonfuls  of  Mai/.ena,  one  ((uart  of  milk,  two  or  three 


'  M.uzenii.  In  addition  to  tlie  Immense  <|uaiitity  of 
Starch  made  by  this  establishment,  it  manufactures 
a  new  ami  most  palatable  article  of  fo-^d  called 
"  Maizena,"  wliich  Is  extracted  exclusively  from  the 
choicest  and  purest  Southern  White  Corn,  and  imt  up 

'  in  iioiind  packages,  with  directions  for  use,  with  the 
trade  mark  "  Maizeiia''  on  •  each  package.  Tliis 
admirable  addition  to  our  every  day  bill  of  fare,  is 
one  Mf  the  most  whcdesome,  nntritioiis  and  agreeable 
arlicien  of  food,  to  be  found  within  the  whole  range  of 
fariiiaceouii  diet;  and  wherever  introduced  invari- 
ably   meets    with    umtualilied    ajiprov-il.      A    more 

^  healthful  preparation  has  never  been  iiroduced  by 
the  joint  elTorts  of  Nature  and  Art.  Hesides  tlie  basis 
being  from  the  purest  white  corn,  the  water  used  in 
the  process  of  manufacture  is  obtained  from  natural 
springs,  and  is  quite  free  from  the  impurities  that 
always  contaminate  streams,  gathered  from  hill 
sides,  am.  llowing  along  the  eartli's  surface. 

jireparation  is  justly  celebrated,  will  bear  enumeration. 

Tith.  It  is  an  invaluable  aid  in  tlie  sick  room,  as  well 
as  for  the  aged  and  intirm,  who  will  find  in  this,  wliat 
\  the.v  in  vain  seek  for  in  any  other  article  of  diet.  Its 
pmiity  and  strengthening  (pialities,  together  with  its 
eaieiof  digestion,  all  combine  to  give  it  a  deserved 
preference. 

6th.  Its  superiorit.vas  a  Summer  diet,  it  lielng  cool- 
ing and  soothing  in  its  nature,  wliile  at  the  same  lime, 
it  imparts  ail  necessary  strength  and  vigour. 

7th.  Ttie  ease  and  dispatch  with  which  it  can  be 
prepared  for  use,  a  few  minutes  only  being  required 
in  cooking  most  of  its  coinliinations. 

8th.  It  is  cheaper  than  aii.v  other  food,  when  we 
consider  tlie  actual  per  eeutage  of  positive  nutritive 
\  matter,  or  real  life  principle  which  it  contains. 
as  numerous  as  its  beneficent  uses.     As  an  article  of 


■i  quart  of  milk,  heated  to  nearly  the  boiling  jioint, 
ami  previously  salted.  Allow  the  whole  to  boil  a  few 
minutes,  stirring  it  briskly.  Flavour  to  your  taste,  and 
pour  into  moulds.  It  may  be  .sweetened  w  bile  cooking, 
or,  if  preferred,  a  sauce  may  be  used.  To  be  eaten 
cold. 

Mill ntf  Pii<JcUn(i. — Hy  mixing  raisens  in  tlie  above, 
an  excellent  Plum  Pudding  is  produced,  wliidi  may 
be  eaten  warm,  witli  sauce  to  your  taste. 


B(ik-ed  riKUIing. — Five  tablespoonfuls  of  Maixena 
to  one  quart  of  milk.  Dissolve  the  Maiitena  in  a  part 
of  tlie  milk,  and  salting  the  remainder,  let  it  nearly 
boll,  and  then  add  tlie  Maizena,  letting  tlie  whole  boil 
three  minutes,  stirring  briskl,v.     AVhen  cool,  stir  in 

three  eggs,  well  beaten,  with  three  tablespoonfuls  of  |  little  strong  meat  gravy  before  cooling, 
sugar.     Flavor  to  suit,  and  bake  half  an  hour.  j  boil  well  with  milk. 

For  sale  hy  all  the prindpal  DruijijUts  and  Grocefg  'no  the  Counti-y. 


eggs,  half  a  teaspoonful  nf  salt,  and  a  small  piece  of 
butter.  Heat  the  milk  to  nearly  boiling,  and  add  the 
Maizena,  previously  dissolved  in  a  part  of  tiie  milk. 
Then  add  the  eggs,  well  beaten  with  four  taliiespoon- 
fuls  of  powdered  sugar,  and  let  the  whole  boll  up  once 
or  twice,  stirring  it  briskly,  and  it  is  done.  Flavour  with 
lemon,  or  to  your  taste. 

Ice  Cream. — Omitting  tlie  butter  and  salt,  the 
above  preparation  makes  an  Ice  (ream,  constituting 
one  of  the  most  exquisite  delicacies  imaginable. 

For  /noilliilK  ami  Di/HpeptivK. — Dissolve  the  Maiz- 
ena  thoroughly  in  cold  water.  Tlien  add  boiling  wa- 
ter and  boil  from  three  to  five  minutes  and  pour  into 
moulds  to  cool,  or  eat  warm,  flavored  wltli  brandy 
or  wine.    A  delicious  jelly  may  be  made  by  adding  a 

For  infants, 


WH.  DTJSTEA,  General  Agent,  Ko.  166  Fulton  wureet,  New  York. 


Bntered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1859,  by  Alkxander  Harthii.l,  in  the  Clerk's  Office 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York, 


can  be 
required 

\lien  we 

mtritlve 
lis. 

lu-licleof 
a^  well 
richest 

liking  of 


table- 

or  three 

piece  of 

add  the 

he  milk. 

ilespoon- 

lup  once 

k'our  with 

salt,  the 
stituting 
able, 
the  Man- 
ning wa- 
loiir  Into 

brandy 
adding  a 

infants, 


York. 

's  Office 


CLOjSlO    JJO)    TSJL'ETIL'LMl 
L.    M'INTOSH, 

^Importer    and    Manufacturer 
?        CLOAKS  AND   MANTILLAS, 

^  497  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 

Always  on  hand  a  seasonable  and  complete  assortment  of  the  above  articles. 

The   Trade   Supplied   on   liberal   Terms. 


ttoWi^a  liiioVHi 


of  every 
descrip- 
tion 
requires 
No  Ph. 
rheie 
Seal  e> 
have 
olwayfi 
taken 
First 
OlasB 
Preml- 
iims 
irherev- 
er  they 
have 
lieener- 
blblted 
Seven 
First 
Class 
Pienil 


fciOALESii   I 


0     6 


WritafhrPriMUatanl 

FRANK  K.  HOWE, 
Box4Me, 
N«w  York  Poit  OOe*. 


were  taken  within  CO  days  during  last  > 
,  summer  over  all  other  competltota,  claim- . 
Ing  Six  Points  of  Improvement.   CaUand 
examine  a  Rail  Road  Track  and  Mining/ 


■""VScale,  a  4  Ton  Hay,  Coal  and  Cattle 
and  a  6  Ton  Depot  Scale,  which  are 
'up  on  the  floor  of  the  Store,  and  which 
J  be  token  apart  and  set  up  In  n  few  ' 
'minutes,  to  convince  the  purchaser  of  their 
'simplicity  and  wonderfbl  accuracy. 

JJOWEr"Jr.Maker.  Brandon,  Vt.  I 
I  ERAHK  fTgOWE.  101  Broadway, 


"  VKKMONT  STATE  FAIR." 

"  VIRGINIA  STATE  FAIR." 

'  "  NEW  YORK  STATE  FAIK." 

"  UNITED  STATES  FAIR." 

"  FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE  FAIR." 

"  VIRGINIA  AGRICULTURAL  PAIR." 

First  Class  Premiums  were  taken  last  summer  at 
each  of  the  above  Fairn  after  severe  tests  of  these 
Scales. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  here  to  state,  that  It 
has  been  our  aim  to  place  ourselves  in  competition 
with  other  scales  as  much  as  possible.  We  spent 
last  summer  in  visiting  a  few  of  the  Fairs,  which 
are  known  to  be  the  best  authority,  In  different 
States,  thus  to  test  the  superiority  of  our  Scales.  It 
is  very  gratifying  here  to  stale,  that  In  every  In- 
stance where  we  liave  exhibited,  we  have  received 
the  Fti-st  Class  Premiums. 

JOHN  HOWE,  Jk.,  Brandon,  Vermont. 

FHANK  E.  HOWE,  191  Broadway, 

Cor.  Dey  St.,  (upstairs,)  New  York. 

Every  Scale  Warranted. 


THOMAS     H.     BATE, 


Manufacturer  of 

NEEDLES. 
Fish  Hooks, 

And  every  variety  if 

Fishing  Tackle. 


Manufacturer  of 

NEEDLES, 
Fish  Hooks, 

And  every  variety  of 


Fishing  Tackle.     ' 
7   li¥ARREM    STREET,  I^EIV    YORK. 

PATENTEE    OF   THE    IMPROVED     SERPENTINE    SPINNER — THE    BEST    TROLLING 
'  BAIT    IN    USE.' 


JOSEPH    CILLOTT'8 
Steel    Pens. 


THE   MANUFACTUBERS*   BRANCH   HOUSE, 

91  »Joh.n  Street,   N'e-w  York,  »; 

la    AT    ALL     TIIIES     »'ULLY     rtUPPLIKD    WITH    A    UKNKKAL     AHHOKTMUNT     OF    THOSE 

POPULAR    PENS. 

FOR    bALK    TO    THE    TRADE,  AND    MAY    DR    HAD    OF    ALL    HTAIIONKHH. 

CHEMIST,    PERFUMERY    FACTOR, 

609    Broadway,  New  York. 


\^ 


CMAray'i  Zstraet  of  Elder 
JTlowen  fbr  Improving  and 
Prawning  fbe  Comptoxlon. 

The  sweetest  and  most  per- 
fect beautifier  in  Naiurc. 

It  rcmores  i'"eckles,  Tan, 
Sun-Burns,  alsf  Brown  Spots 
on  the  face  aud  vrms. 

It  is  is  also  found  very  ben- 
eficial for  bathing  chapped  or 
irritated  skin,  as  it  possesses 
both  tonic  and  cooling,  us 
well  as  clearing,  properties 
most  valuable,  and  imparting 
healthiness  to  the  akin.  That 
portion  of  the  travelling  pub- 
lic who  have  used  it',  find 
Godfrey's  Extract  of  Elder 
Flowers,  extremely  beneficial, 
and  a  necessarv  addition  to 
their  hygienic  Toilet  .ippend- 
ages. 
Prle."  One  Oollar  iwr  Iktlllt- . 


KliKrmI  iwciinllim  lo  ActCuliyrtti 


^ift  SEW  PBjij^ 


DistlUaf>.  of  Wild    Flowprs 
from  the  ?otomao  Sales. 

R    r-'U^U'^     OMBMIST", 
609  Broadway.  N.  7. 
Sonlh«ni'Di«trlcr(.f  N<iw  YorlT.""" 


Dupuy'i  Ck>corioine. 

A  newbair-drcssing  lustrol 
fluid,  for  embellishing  the 
Hair,  and  promoting  its 
healthy  growth,  suppleness 
and  gloss. 

The  nutritious  property  of 
purified  Cocoa  Nut  and  Ricine 
Oils,  in  combination  with  ap- 
propriate ingredients,  under 
the  name  of  Cocoricine,  is 
justly  estimated  the  most  effi- 
cient beautifier  of  the  Hair. 

IN  LASOB  BOTTLES, 

At  30  and  SO  cenU  each, 

OR 

fliS  and  (15  per  dosen. 


D  U  P  U  Y  '  S 

New  liquid   Bouquets  and   Standard   Fexiumes   of 

exquisite  Fragrance, 

A  neatParhtge  of^  Bottle*  for  $2  ;  hirge»t  size,  j|4 ;  Singh  Bottles,  75(j.  and  $1.50  e<r.. 

Perfect  Gem,  Washlagtoi  Nayegay,  BlMmt  VernoD  Bouquet. 


Klm-me-Qulck. 
Jockey  Club. 
Bouquet  <)e  Caroline. 
Early  Ppring  Flowers. 
Sweet  Briar. 
Rose  (Ics  Alpesi. 


Heliotrope. 
Koae  Qeranium. 
Patchouly. 
Frangipauiii. 
M'est  Knd. 
Millefleurv. 

Mignonette. 


Sweet  Clover.  Kondelltia.  Water  Lily. 

MoiB  Boae.  Eia.  Bouquet.  CryHnnthemum. 

New  Mown  Hay.  WUd  Apple  Blostom.  S.^ndal  Wood. 

Cape  Jasmin.  Sweet  Pea.  Tuberose. 

Lemon  Verbena.  Musk  Roue.  Mareehale. 

Musk.  Wood  VI  let.  Orange  Blosiom. 
Orape  Vino  Blouor.i. 


Ferfv-sed  Sacs,  50  cents  each.    Fine  Toilet  Soaps,  SO  cents  each. 

Superfine  Rice  Powder,  plain  aud  scented,  for  chafed  or  heated  skin.  Saponaceous  Tooth 
Powder,  Eau  Angelique  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums.  Pestach'o  Nut  '^*il,  Pestachio  Nut  Meal,  Pesta- 
chio  Nut  Skin  and  Complexion  Powder. 


I 


T] 


,? 

¥ 


ROS 


'.W 


THE 


H    I  ■■, 


EIVEH  ST.  LAWRENCE, 


IN  ONE  PANORAMIC  VIEW, 


im\  Hicipnt  |^;ilb  to  (Jjucbrt, 


TOOBTHBB  WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  \ND   ILLUSTRATIONS  OF 


THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS,  CITIES  IN  CANADA, 

LAKES,    RAPIDS,    RIVERS,    AND    FALLS,    AND    OTHER    OBJECTS    AND 
PLACES    OF    INTEREST. 


WflTM  [Ni(yB^[ii^©y! 


iv:i[^A^aff^i 


KEW    YORK: 
ALEX.  HARTHILL,  20  NORTH  WILLIAM  STREET. 

ROSS    A    TOUSEY;    H.    DEXTER    &   CO.;    IIENDRICKSON,    BLAKE    &    LONG. 

TORONTO:— McLEAR  &  CO.     MONTREAL :—B.  DAWSON  &  SON. 

And  ifold  by  all  Bookaellers  and  Newnmen, 


ii^]j 


CONTENTS. 


PAns 

Alexandria '-i'' 

Abrahuni,  I'laini  of 40 

Uutinciiii 8t5 

HIack  Kiver '2i 

Uruckvillo '■i7 

Ui'uuhurnuis '<y^ 

Uowinunville '■i'.i 

CuHCude  Hupidg '!2 

Cuteau  dii  lioc  Uuuidit !il 

C'edur  U.ipids 31 

Cupe  Viucuut 2'i 

CitDourn Td 

ColboriH' 2.1 

Corn  wall 31 

Charlotte,  Port U2 

Cauglinawauga 82 

Clayton 25 

Carthago 28 

Cape  Eternite 5f> 

Cape  Trinite S^ 

Duck  Island 23 

Descent  of  the  Rapids '2H 

Falls  of  Niagara r> 

FalU  of  Uenesee 22 

Great  Sodus  Buy 28 

Genesee  River 22 

Hamilton,  C.  W 69 

Kingston,  C.  W 24,  67 

London,  0.  W 70 

LewiHton 21 

Lachine  Rapids 84 

Long  Suult  Rapids 28 

Longueil 85 

Little  Sodus  Ray 23 

Lake  Ontario 21 

Lake  St.  Francis 81 

Lake  St.  Louis 82 

Lake  St.  Peters 35 

Lake  of  Thousand  Islands 25 

Lachine 32 

Lake  St.  Charles 41 

Morristown 27 

Montreal 35,  43 

Montreal  to  Ottawa 49 

Montreal  to  Quebec 35 

Montniorenci  Fulls 57 

New  Liverpool 86 

Niagara  Falls 5 

Ogdeuaburg 27 


PAOI 

Ottawa. 68 

Ottawa  River 50 

Ottawa  Locks til 

Oshawa 2^ 

Oswego 28 

Ontario  Luke 21 

Points  of  Interest,  Niagara 0 

Port  Hope 22 

Port  Charlotte 22 

Port  Genesee 22 

Prescott 27 

IjueeuHtown 21 

tiucl.ec 87 

River  Ottuwa .' 60 

Rivor  Richelieu 86 

River  St.  Maurice 86 

River  Suguenay 55 

River  Genesee 22 

River  St.  Lawrence 21 

River  St.  Charles 41 

Route  down  the  Rapids 28 

Route  down  the  St.  Lawrence 21 

Rochester 22 

Rapids,  Plutte 28 

Rupids,  Cascade 82 

Rujtids,  Cedar 81 

Rapids,  Gallop 28 

Rujiids,  Lachine 84 

Rapids,  Long  Sault 28 

Rapids,  Coteuu 81 

Richelieu  River 85 

Sodus  Point 28 

St.  Regis 31 

Sorel  or  William  Henry 35 

St,  Lawrence  River 21 

St.  Peter's  Lake 85 

St.  Louis  Lake 32 

St.  Francis  Lake 31 

St.  Charles  Lake 41 

St.  Maurice  River 36 

Suekett's  Harbour 24 

Thousand  Islands,  Lake 25 

Three  Rivers 36 

Toronto 22,  63 

Victoria  Bridge 46 

Wolf's  Cove 86 

Whitby,  C.  W 22 

Wolfe  and  Montcalm's  Monument 8ft 

Youngstown 


R 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Chart  of  Niagara 5 

Chart  of  St.  Lawrence 5 

Rafts  going  down  the  Rupids 33 

Steamer  descending  the  Rapids 30 

"        Shooting  the  Long  Sault  Rapids. .  29 

The  Thousand  Islands 26 

CITIBS  IN  CANADA,  ETC. 

London 71 

Hamilton 69 

Toronto 68 

"        Crown  Lands  Office 68 

"        St.  Lawrence  Hall 68 

"        King  street 64 

"        Yon  ge  street 64 

"        Model  Schools 65 

Illustrated  Time  Indicator 


PAOI 

Toronto  Trinity  College 66 

"        University 66 

Kingston 67 

Ottawa,  Lower  Town 59 

"       Upper  Town 60 

"        Locks  on  Canal 62 

Montreal,  The  City,  two  Views 44 

Beaver  Hall 47 

"          Place  d' Arines 47 

"          Bonsecour's  Market 47 

"          Great  St.  James  street 47 

Victoria  Tubular  Bridge ...  46 

Quebec,  from  Point  Levi 87 

"        from  the  Citadel 38 

"       Wolfe  and  Montcalm's  Monument.  89 

"       Montmorenci  Falls 57 

72 


PAOI 

..  68 

..  f)0 

..  «1 

..  22 

..  2a 

..  21 

..  0 

..  2'2 

..  22 

. .  22 

..  27 

..  21 

..  87 

..  60 

..  8fl 

..  86 

..  65 

..  22 

..  21 

..  41 

..  28 

..  21 

..  22 

..  28 

..  82 

..  81 

..  28 

..  84 

..  28 

..  81 

..  85 

. .  23 

..  31 

. .  35 

..  21 

..  85 

..  82 

..  31 

..  41 

..  86 

..  24 

. .  25 

. .  36 

22,  63 

..  46 

..  86 

..  22 

..  89 

••\ 


PA.N^ORA.M^ 


OF  THH 


RIVER  ST.  LAWRENCE, 


FROM 


NIAGARA  FALLS  TO  QUEBEC. 


PAOB 

.  65 

.  66 

.  67 

.  59 

.  60 

.  62 

,  44 

.  47 

.  47 

.  47 

.  47 

.  46 

.  37 

.  88 

i.  39 

.  57 


T  H  K     1»  A  11  A  a  O  N 


SELF-GENERATING 

HAND  GAS-LIGHT  BUENER, 

BUTLER,  HOSFORD  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 

171  Broadway,  New  York, 

1  Courtlandt  Street,  New  York,  and 

2  Court  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


TliU  valiial)lo  patent, 
portnble,  self-generating 
(iu9  Hurner,  is  offered  to 
tlie  public,  In  full  conti- 
dence  of  its  positive  supe- 
riority over  every  otlier 
iiANO-LionTin  existence.for 
Simplicity,  Hakcty,  ond 
Economy,  producing  a 

Brilliant  Gas  Light, 

requiring  no  trimming,  or 
other  attention,  except 
simply    til  li«   lump 

with  good  burning  fluid, 
one  quart  of  the  fluid  con- 
verted into  gas  in  the 
Burner,  giving  a  fl'll, 
BROAD  nnd  CLEAR  flaiue 
eigliteen  hour*. 


This  light,  uliicli  is  equal 
to  tliut  from  eight  ordinary 
wick  tubes,  is  under 
complete  control,  being  re- 
duced by  a  simple  process, 
from  a  full  blaze  to  a  small 
one,  and  as  quickly  restored 
to  its  full  capacity,  and  at 

ONE-THIED   THE   COST. 

It  is  a<linirubly  adapted 
for  lighting  churches,  dwel- 
lings, lecture-rooms,  halls, 
shops,  steand)outs,  and  rail 
road  cars,  or  wherever  a 
good  light  is  desired. 

Parties  desirous  of  secu- 
ring the  right  of  territory 
for  a  valuable  orticle  that 
«  ill  conuiieiid  itself,  should 
make  early  application,  on- 
ly to  tliu  above  address. 


Applied  to  nil  styles  of  Oil,  Kerosene,  Camphene,  and  Burning  Fluid  Lamps,  also  with  founts  and  on 
pressure  to  all  kinds  of  Gas  Fixtures,  making  Its  own  gas  In  the  burner  as  fast  as  required  from  Durnlng 
Fluid.  By  a  simple  screw  It  Is  Instantly  reduced  from  a  full  blaze  to  a  small  one,  ami  as  quickly  restored. 
Always  ready  and  In  order.  Goods  forwarded  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  by  express.  Payable,  Cash 
on  delivery.    Send  your  orderg  as  above. 

COMBIIVES 
Simplicity^ 

Safety, 
Economy. 

DEVOID  OF 

Smell, 
Smoke, 

OR 

Flicker. 

Givinir  a 

STEADY , 

CHEAP, 

AND 

BRILLIANT 
GAHLKillT, 

ni  A»T         Address,  2  Court  St.,  Brooklyx, 
Temperalufe.  Post-Office  Box,  Z20. 


^ 


N.Y. 


6 


ROUTE  DOWN  TUE  ST.   LAWRENCE. 


TRIP  DOWN  THE  ST.   LAWRENCE. 

FROM     MIAOAKA      rAU.H     TO     MONTKKAI.      AND     QUEBEC, 

Via  the  Lakes  and  Iinpid$. 

Whllut  otlior  touH,  In  (llfTiTi'nt  pnrts  of  tlic  I'liltod  Stfltt's  nnd  ranndn,  hnvo  tlioir  nttrnc- 
tlons — |>artioulnrly,  Ky  mllroail  —  iiml  nviiully  iirt'itont  •uffloU-iit  iiiduceiiR'nts  for  « 
TUlt  from  tlio  totirUt;  none,  we  believe,  prent-ntH  no  great  i»  viiriety  «»f  scenery — and  tliotof 
the  finest  clinritctcr,  acconipiuiii'd  by  coniforlublr  louoinotion  nnd  n  few  exciting  incident* 
on  tiie  way — as  are  to  l)C  met  witli  on  tlie  trip  from  Niagara  to  ^b>ntreal  and  (jiieix-c  via 
Lake  Ontario — down  tiio  Uapids  of  the  nol)leSt.  Ijiwrenee — tlirougli  tlie  Thousand  Islands, 
and  tlie  various  other  lakes,  canals,  etc,  on  the  route. 

This  route  may  be  taken  either  by  steamer  all  the  way  from  Lewiston  or  Niagara,  or 
from  there  to  Toronto,  Kingston,  Cape  Vincent,  or  any  of  the  other  points  of  stoppage 
on  the  river  hereafter  stated;  after  visiting  wliich,  the  tourist,  can  embark  on  board  the 
steamer  again  at  any  of  the  stopping  places,  and  proceed  on  his  journey. 

To  render  this  trip  as  intelligible  as  possible,  wo  prtipose  placing  the  names  of  each 
place  of  interest,  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  in  such  order  that  tlio  stranger  will  at  once 
be  able  to  know  on  which  side  each  town  is  situated.  This  will  be  seen  at  once  by  mak- 
ing a  division  in  the  page,  representing  the  channel  of  the  river,  with  the  towns,  nipids, 
lakes  and  catiuls  placed  in  their  relative  positions ;  so  tliat,  with  the  distances  and  routes 
given  elsewhere,  we  hope  to  render  such  infornuition  as  will  be  useful  and  interesting  to 
the  reader.     We  shall  take  Lewiston  as  the  starting  point. 


11 


i 


ROUTE  FROM  LEWISTON  (NIAGARA)  TO  QUEBEC. 


TOWNS   AND   STOPPING-PLACES. 


CANADIAN,  OR    NORTH    DANK   OF   RIVKR. 

QuEENSTOWN,  a  village  situated  nearly 
opposite  to  Lewiston.  Its  chief  objects 
of  attraction  are  the  handsome  Sus- 
pension Bridge,  with  Brock's  Monument, 
situated  on  the  heights,  from  which  a  most 
maguiiiceiit  view  of  the  lake  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  is  obtained. 


AMERICAN,  OR  SOUTH  DANK  Or  RfVER, 

Lewiston  is  the  point  from  which  the 
steamer  starts — being  at  the  head  of  river 
navigation — about  7  miles  from  Niagara 
Falls,  and  t  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  whence  it  falls  into  the  lake.  The 
Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls  and  Lewiston  Rail- 
road terminates  at  this  place. 


^ 


LAKE    ONTARIO. 


This  is  the  smallest  and  most  easterly  of  the  five  great  lakes  which  communicate  with 
the  St.  I^awrence,  and  divides  the  State  of  New  York  from  Canada,  on  f'c  north.  It  is 
190  miles  long,  and  its  greatest  breadth  55  miles.  Its  greatest  depth  is  fiOO  feet,  and  it  is 
navigable  in  every  part  for  the  largest-sized  ships.  It  is  never  entirely  closed  with  ice, 
and  rarely  freezes,  even  in  the  coldest  weather,  except  in  shallow  places  along  the  shore. 
In  summer  time,  a  sail  upon  this  lake  is  <1elightfnl,  especially  to  the  angler,  who,  if  he 
chooses  to  cast  his  lines  into  its  usually  placid  waters,  will  find  no  dearth  of  fish,  which 
abound  here  in  great  variety.  On  either  side  of  the  lake  are  seen  numerous  towns  and 
villages,  several  of  which  are  of  considerable  business  importance.  We  append  brief 
notices  of  the  most  noted  of  these  places. 


CANADIAN    SIDE. 

In  proceeding  along  the  north,  or  Cana- 
dian, side  of  the  lake,  the  first  point 
touched  is 


21 


AMERICAN    SIDE. 

The  first  stopping-place  on  the  Ameri- 
can, or  south,  side  of  the  Lake  is 

Younostown,  6  miles  below,  and  1  mile 


KOUTE  DOWN  THE   ST.   LAWRENCE. 


ll 


Toronto,  the  sccdikI  iiKut  important 
city  in  Canada.  Tliis  city  presents  a  mucli 
finer  appearance  from  the  lake  than  wlien 
approaelied  by  railway.  Toronto  boasts 
of  a  large  number  of  fine  buildings  and 
elegant  churches,  as  well  as  of  extensive 
and  tasteful  blocks  of  business  stores;  and 
the  beauty  of  their  appearance  is  much 
enhanced  by  the  large  number  of  trees, 
and  the  quantity  of  shrubbery  that  adorns 
many  of  its  streets.  King  street,  its  prin- 
cipal thoroughfare,  is  two  miles  long,  and 
is  lined  on  both  sides  with  handsome 
stores  and  public  buildings. 

Leaving  Toronto,  the  first  town  of  any 
particular  not",  on  the  Canadian  side,  is 

Port  Wiirret,  29  miles  below.  This  is 
the  chief  town  in  Ontario  County,  and 
contains  near  4,000  inhabitants.  It  is  a 
station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and 
is  a  stopping-place  for  steamers  from  Tor- 
onto to  Rochester,  etc. 

OsHAWA,  4  miles  below,  is  a  fine  town  of 
3,000  inhabitants,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  and  communicating  with  the  in- 
terior towns  by  lines  of  stages.  A  great 
quantity  of  flour  is  shipped  from  here. 

BowMANviLLE,  10  miles  below,  lies  a 
little  back  of  the  lake,  to  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  Darlington  Harbour.  In  1850, 
the  place  was  incorporated  a  village,  since 
which  period  its  growth  has  been  very 
rapid.  The  town  has  excellent  water 
power  within  and  around  it  The  cor.ntry 
around  is  unsurpassed  for  fertility  and 
salubrity  by  any  in  Canada.  It  has  a 
population  of  about  5,000. 

Port  Hope  is  about  20  miles  below 
Bowmanville,  and,  like  it,  is  a  station  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  It  is  pIso  con- 
nected by  railway  with  Lindsay,  40  miles, 
and  with  Peterborough,  29  miles  distant. 
Steamers  also  ply  between  this  place  and 
several  towns  lying  north,  on  Lake  Stur- 
geon. Port  Hope  is  built  on  an  acclivity, 
the  summit  if  which  is  capped  with  beach 
and  pine,  and  clothed  with  villas,  embow- 
ered among  the  trees.  The  principal 
street  runs  from  the  harbour  to  the  top  of 
the  hill,  and  is  lined  with  elegant  stores, 
beautiful  dwellings  and  commodious  ho- 
tels. The  Town  Hall  and  Montreal  Bank 
form  prominent  objects  to  a  spectator 
placed  upon  the  quay.    And  the  graceful 


P4 
o 

H 

CQ 

w 

O 
■A 

< 
a 


above,  old  Fort  Niagara,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  and  which  possesses  a  fine  na- 
tural harbour,  open  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year.  The  river  is  here  about  iialf  a  mile 
in  width,  across  which  a  ferry  plies  to  the 
village  of  Niagara,  on  the  Canadian  side. 

Fort  Niagara. — In  passing  into  the  lake, 
this  old  relic  of  former  times  is  especially 
noticeable.  As  early  as  1679,  this  spot 
was  inclosed  by  La  Salle,  the  explorer  of 
the  Mississippi.  In  1726,  a  pallisade  fort 
was  constructed  by  the  French.  In  1759  > 
it  was  taken  by  the  British,  who,  in  1796» 
gave  it  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans. 
In  1813,  it  was  taken  again  by  the  British, 
and  recaptured  by  the  Americans  in  1816. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  the  dungeons  of  this 
old  fort  have  been  the  scenes  of  horrible 
BulTering  and  of  crime,  from  the  times  of 
the  old  Indian  and  French  wars,  up  to  the 
days  of  the  Revolution.  In  its  close  and 
impregnable  dungeons,  the  light  of  day 
never  shone ;  and  here,  doubtless,  many  a 
poor  prisoner  has  been  compelled  to  un- 
dergo the  "torture,"  in  addition  to  his 
other  nameless  sufferings. 

As,  after  entering  the  lake,  no  place  ol 
much  importance  is  reached  for  some 
hours,  the  tourist  should  embrace  this 
opportunity  of  getting  a  good  view  of  the 
scenes  he  is  about  leaving.  On  a  clear 
day,  a  fine  view  is  presented  of  Brock's 
Monument,  and  the  grand  heights  of 
Queenstown,  9  or  10  miles  distant,  which 
rise  nearly  500  feet  above  the  waters  of 
the  lake. 

After  passing  several  small  settlements, 
we  reach  •  "s: 

Charlotte,  or  Port  Genesee,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  River  Genesee,  port  of  entry 
for  Rochester,  7  miles  distant,  and  87  miles 
from  Niagar?*.  This  town  possesses  a  safe 
harbour,  being  protected  by  two  long 
piers,  on  one  of  which  is  located  a  light- 
house. A  number  of  steamers  run  daily 
from  here  to  several  of  the  principal  places 
on  both  sides  of  the  lake. 

The  Falls  of  Genesee. — ^These  beautiful 
falls,  second  only  to  Niagara,  are  objects 
worthy  of  notice.  The  banks  of  the  Gene- 
see, just  above  Charlotte,  rise  from  60  to 
150  feet  in  height.  The  river  is  naviga- 
ble as  far  as  Carthage,  which  may  be 
called  a  suburb  of  Rochester.     From  this 


22 


ROUTE   DOWN    TUE   ST.    LAWltENCE. 


mouth  of 
I  fine  iia- 
)ii9  of  the 
iilf  a  mile 
lies  to  the 
lian  side. 
9  the  Inke, 
especially 

this  spot 
tplorer  of 
lisnde  fort 

In  1769, 
),  in  1796' 
Lmericana. 
le  British, 
us  in  1815. 
ons  of  this 
)f  horrible 
16  times  of 
,  up  to  the 
i  close  and 
ht  of  day 
as,  many  a 
lied  to  un- 
ion to  his 

0  place  ol 
for  some 

race  this 
iew  of  the 
)n  a  clear 
jf  Brock's 
eights  of 
uit,  which 
waters  of 

ttlementf^ 

E,  at  the 
rt  of  entry 
d  87  miles 
!sse8  a  safe 
two  long 
d  a  lii;ht- 
run  daily 
pal  placjs 

e  beautiful 
re  objects 
the  Gene- 
Vom  61)  to 
is  naviga- 

1  may  be 
From  this 


curve  of  the  viaduct,  resting  on  piera  of 
solid  masonry,  over  which  the  (irand 
Trunk  Railwuj'  is  carried,  tends  to  enhance 
the  pieturt'squeness  of  the  view.  The 
town  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  agricultural 
district,  diver^tiod  by  hill  and  dale,  wood 
and  t-treaiii ;  I  lie  evidence  of  which  is  the 
number  of  wagons — crauuued  with  quar- 
ters of  fat  beef,  nmtton  and  pork,  turkeys, 
chickens,  eggs  butter,  vegetables  and 
fish — lo  be  seen  o.-owding  the  Town  Hall 
Square  on  Saturdays. 

The  lumber  trade  carried  on  at  this 
port  i*  also  very  extensive.  Population 
about  S.tiHO. 

CoBimo,  8  miles  below  Port  Hope,  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Cobiirg  and  Peterborough 
llailroad.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  and 
does  an  extensive  shipping  business  with 
Rochester,  and  other  cities  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  lake.  Victoria  College,  estab- 
lished by  act  of  the  Provincial  Legislature, 
in  1842,  is  in  this  town.  It  also  contains 
the  moat  extensive  cloth  manufactories  in 
the  Province.  There  are  also  iron,  marble 
and  leather  manufactories,  with  a  number 
of  breweries  and  distilleries,  9  good  hotels, 
and  60  or  70  substantial  stores.  Popula- 
tion about  6,000. 

CoLBOKKE,  14  miles  below  Coburg,  is  a 
flourisliing  town,  having  a  fine  back  coun- 
try, whose  produce  finds  quick  sales  in 
its  markets.  It  has  a  good  landing  for 
steamers,  many  of  which  touch  here  on 
their  passages  up  and  down  the  lake. 

A  good  business  is  done  in  this  town  in 
curing  white-tish  and  salrnon-ti'out,  which 
abound  in  the  lake,  and  are  tal.en  in  great 
quantities.  A  stage-route  is  ostiiblished 
between  this  place  and  Norwood,  32  miles 
distance.     Fare,  $2. 

Leaving  Colborne,  the  steamer  soon 
reaches  the  widest  part  of  the  lake,  and, 
running  a  distance  of  some  25  miles, 
passes  Nicholmt  Point  and  Maud,  Wicked 
Point,  and  Point  Peter,  on  the  latter  of 
which  is  a  fine  light-house.  This  light  is 
a  conspicuous  object  to  mariners,  who, 
when  off  Prince  Edward's,  the  main-land, 
experience  the  full  force  of  easterly  and 
westerly  winds. 

DtoK  Island,  which  is  attached  to  Can- 
ada, is  another  noted  object  for  the  mari- 
ner, either  ascending  or  descending  the 


O 
Izi 
W 
(A 

H 

CO 

W 

o 
w 

B 


place,  to  Rochester  proper,  there  are  a  suc- 
cession of  falls  and  rapids,  some  of  the 
former  being  very  grand  and  imposing^ 
The  falls  at  Carthage  are  76  feet,  one  a 
little  further  up  is  20  feet,  and  the  great 
falls — within  the  city,  a  few  feet  from  the 
Central  Railroad  Bridge — is  96  feet.  It 
was  at  these  latter  falls  that  the  once  fa- 
mous 8am  Patch  made  his  last  leap,  by 
which  he  lost  his  life,  lie  commenced  his 
singular caietr  by  plunging  from  the  Paw- 
tucket  Falls,  in  Rhode  Island,  and  after- 
wards continued  to  jump  from  all  the  high 
bridges,  and  other  elevated  points  in  the 
country,  including  Niagara,  without  meet- 
ing an  accident.  It  is  supposed  that  he 
was  intoxicated  at  the  time  he  made  his 
last  jump,  and  hence  lost  his  balance  dur- 
ing his  descent,  and  struck  the  water  hori- 
zontally, which  must  have  knocked  the 
breath  entirely  out  of  his  body,  as  he  was 
not  seen  to  rise  after  striking  the  water, 
although  10,000  spectators  were  anxiously 
looking  for  his  appearance.  His  dead  body 
was  found  some  miles  below  the  falls. 

Further  up  the  river,  near  the  town  of 
Portage,  N.  Y.,  there  are  three  beautiful 
falls,  respectively,  60,  90  and  110  feet,  all 
within  the  space  of  2  miles,  each  differing 
in  character,  and  each  having  peculiar 
attractions.  But  more  wonderful,  than 
the  falls,  are  the  stupendous  walls  of  the 
river,  which  rise  almost  perpendicularly, 
to  a  height  of  400  feet,  and  extend 
along  the  stream,  for  3  miles,  with  almost 
as  much  regularity  and  symmetry  as  if 
constructed  by  art. 

Leaving  the  mouth  of  the  Genesee,  the 
steamer  passes  the  small  tt)wn  of  Pultney- 
ville,  and  some  other  lesser  settlements, 
and  reaches  the  mouth  of 

Great  Sonus  Bay,  which  is  5  miles  long 
and  3  miles  in  breadth,  and  makes  an  ex- 
cellent, safe  harbour,  the  entrance  of  which 
is  protected  by  substantial  piers,  built  by 
the  United  States. 

SoDus  Point  is  a  small  town,  and  port 
of  entry,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Sodua 
Bay. 

Little  Sonus  Bay,  14  miles  below  Great 
Sodus,  is  another  good  anchorage  ground, 
for  vessels  to  ride,  in  times  of  severe 
weather. 

OswEoo  is  on  both  sides   of   Oswego 


23 


IIOUTK  DOWN   THE  ST.    LAWltENCE. 


•5^^ 


.'iK?^^• 


lake,  as  it  is  Uie  first  important  island  met, 
in  tlie  passage  from  the  head  of  the  lake, 
on  the  Canada  side.  In  former  years, 
immense  quantities  of  wild  difiks  gatliered 
upon  this  iT'liind,  and  hence  its  name. 

Amiieust  Island,  also  belonging  to  Can- 
ada, lies  a  little  further  on.  It  is  a  large 
body  of  very  fertile  land,  which  is  under 
a  good  state  of  cultivation.  Beyond  this 
island,  we  come  to  the  end  of  the  lake, 
and  soon  enter  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence River.  We  now  pass  two  islands — 
Gage  and  Wolf—vi\\\c\\  are  the  first  of 
that  ubtonialiing  group  known  as  the 
"  Tliousand  Islands."     We  next  come  to 

Kingston,  'vjiich  is  probably  the  finest- 
looking  city  in  Canada,  although  not  do- 
ing a  business  equal  to  Montreal  or  To- 
ronto. A  tourist,  speaking  of  this  city, 
says: 

"  The  view  of  the  city  and  surrounding 
scenery  is  not  surpassed  by  the  approaclies 
to  any  other  city  in  America.  A  few  miles 
above  Kingston,  the  waters  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio are  divided  by  the  first  of  the  long  se- 
ries of  islands  so  well  known  to  tourists 
as  the  '  Tliousand  Islands,'  of  which  Sim- 
coe  and  Grand,  or  Wolfe  Islands,  opposite 
the  city,  may  be  looked  upon  as  strong- 
holds designed  by  nature  to  withstand  the 
encroaches  of  the  waves  of  Ontario.  On 
approaching  from  the  west,  by  water,  the 
first  object  that  attracts  the  traveller's  at- 
tention is  Fort  Henry,  with  the  naval  sta- 
tion of  Fort  Frederick  at  its  base,  and  its 
attendant  battlements,  fortifications,  tow- 
ers and  redoubts." 

FoET  Henky  is  a  favourite  resort  for  vis- 
itors, and  its  elevated  position  atfords  the 
best  view  that  can  be  hnd  of  the  city, 
lake  and  surrounding  country. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the 
City  Hall,  Court-House,  Roman  Catholic 
Cathedral,  Queen's  College,  Roman  Catho- 
lic College,  General  Hospital,  Penitentia- 
ry, 16  or  18  fine  churches,  banking- 
houses,  etc.  The  City  Hall  is  one  of  the 
finest  edifices  in  Canada,  built  of  cut  lime- 
stone, at  an  expense  of  near  $100,000.  It 
has  a  spacious  hall,  holding  over  1,000 
persons.  There  are  20  steamers,  and 
J■^»bout  50  sailing  vessels,  owned  here; 
and  these,   besides  other  Canadian   and 


T.';- American  craft,  are  mostly  occupied  in 


P4 

1? 


CO 

W 
W 
H 

O 


< 


24 


River,  at  its  entrunce  into  Lake  Ontario 
and  is  the  largest  and  most  active  city  on 
the  lake.  There  are  from  16  to  20  flour, 
ing-inills,  making  over  10,000  barrels  of 
flour  per  day  when  in  operation,  and 
about  a  dozen  elevators,  with  storage- 
room  for  2,000,000  bushels  of  grain.  It  is 
handsomely  built,  with  streets  100  feet 
wide,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  river  divides  the  city  into  nearly  two 
equal  parts,  which  are  connected  by  two 
bridges,  above  ship  navigation. 

The  number  of  vessels  which  arrive  and 
depart  from  this  port  is  very  large.  It  is 
estimated  that  one-half  of  tiie  entire  trade 
of  Canada  with  the  United  States  is  car- 
ried on  with  Oswego.  A  railroad,  36 
miles  in  length,  connects  Oswego  with 
Syracuse.  The  Oswego  Canal  also  con- 
nects at  Sj'racuse  with  the  Erie  Canal. 
Oswego  ranks  as  one  of  the  greatest  grain 
markets  in  the  world,  being  second  on  this 
continent  only  to  Chicago.  From  her  po- 
sition, she  must  continue  to  hold  her  ad- 
vantage, and,  in  spile  of  all  rivalry,  will 
always  command  the  greatest  portion  of 
Canadian  trade.  The  population  of  Os- 
wego is  about  20,000. 

Leaving  Oswego,  we  pass  Mexico  Bay, 
into  which  empties 

Salmon  River,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is 
a  small  town,  called  Port  Ontario.  Salmon 
River  Falls  are  classed  among  the  greatest 
natural  curiosities  of  the  country.  The 
current  of  the  river  is  disturbed,  about  6 
miles  from  its  mouth,  by  2  miles  of  rapids, 
which  terminate  in  a  fall  of  107  feet.  At 
high  water,  the  sheet  is  250  feet  in  width, 
but,  at  low  water,  is  narrowed  to  about 
half  that  extent.  At  the  foot  of  the  falls 
the  water  is  very  deep,  and  abounds  in 
fine  fi>'h,  such  as  salmon,  trout  and  bass. 

Sackot's  Harbour,  45  miles  north  of 
Oswego,  possesses  one  of  the  most  secure 
harbours  on  the  lake.  During  the  war  of 
1812,  with  England,  it  was  used  as  the 
rendezvous  of  the  American  fleet  on  Lake 
Ontario.  A  large  war-vessel,  commenced 
at  that  time,  still  remains  here  under  cover. 
Madison  Barracks,  garrisoned  by  United 
States  troops,  is  situated  nor  the  landing. 

Black  River,  just  beyond,  is  120  miles 
long,  but  its  navigation  is  much  impeded 
by  a  succession  of  rapids  and  falls.    It 


.,  *■ 


KOUTE   DOWN  THE  ST.   LAWRENCE, 


which  18 
Salmon 
greatest 
y.  The 
about  6 

of  rapids, 

feet.  At 
n  width, 

to  about 
the  falls 

)ound8  in 
d  bass, 
north  of 

ist  secure 
e  war  of 
d  as  the 
on  Lake 

rnmenced 
er  cover. 
r  United 
landing, 
20  miles 
impeded 
falls.    It 


oarrying  passengers  and  produce  which 
come  from  inland  by  the  Rideau  Canal, 
and  from  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  to  the  differ- 
ent ports  on  the  lake. 

There  are  several  mineral  springs  in 
Kingston,  which  have  attained  some  ce- 
lebrity for  their  medical  properties.  One 
of  these,  situated  near  the  Penitentiary,  is 
said  to  resemble  the  celebrated  Chelten- 
ham Springs,  in  England.  Another,  whose 
waters  are  uuusuoUy  strong,  and,  by  ana- 
lyzation,  have  been  found  to  contAin  val- 
uable medical  virtues,  has  been  likened 
to  the  Artesian  Well  at  St.  Catherine's. 


o 

H 
OQ 


gives,  however,  great  water  power,  and 
its  banks  are  covered  with  prosperous 
towns  and  villages. 

Chaumont  Bay,  just  above  Black  River, 
abounds  in  a  variety  of  fine  fish,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  taken  by  estab- 
lished fisheries. 

Cape  St.  Vincent  is  nearly  opposite 
Grand  or  Wolf  Islond,  and  is  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Watertown  and  Rome 
Railroad.  In  the  warm  months,  this  place 
is  much  resorted  to  by  fishing  and  pleasure 
parties,  being  contiguous  to  the  "  Thou- 
sand Islands." 


tit'ir 


THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 


These  Islands,  which  have  obtained  a  world-wide  celebrity,  consist  of  fully  1800  islands, 
of  all  sizes  and  shapes — from  a  few  yards  long,  to  several  miles  in  length ;  some,  presenting 
little  or  nothing  but  bare  masses  of  rock,  whilst  others  are  so  thickly  wooded  over,  that 
nothing  but  the  most  gorgeous  green  foliage  (in  summer)  is  to  be  seen;  whilst,  in  autumn, 
the  leaves  present  colours  of  different  hues  of  light  crimson,  yellow,  purple  and  other 
colours  scarcely  imoginable,  and  yet  most  difficult  to  describe. 

The  tourist  who  is  fond  of  practising  the  "  gentle  art,"  will  find  any  quantity  he  is  able 
and  willing  to  fish  for — the  river  abounding  in  fish  of  the  most  marvellous  quantity  and 
size.  The  anglei^will  find  plenty  of  excellent  accommodation  at  Clayton  or  Alexandria 
Bay,  with  boats,  etc.  To  enjoy  a  day  or  two  amongst  the  Thousand  Islands  to  the  most 
advantage,  is  for  the  tourist  to  take  up  his  quarters  for  a  few  days  at  either  of  these  places, 
and  sail  amongst  the  islands  with  a  row-boat.  The  tourist  who  is  acquainted  with  the  islands 
on  "  Lomond's  Silver  Loch,"  oppoate  Luss,  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  will  have  some 
idea  of  what  the  Thousand  Islands  are  —  only  that  the  latter  extend  fully  50  miles 
along  tlie  channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  with  some  of  the  islands  of  much  larger  dimen- 
sions than  tliose  either  on  Loch  Lomond  or  Loch  Katrine.  Names  are  given  to  some  of  the 
islands,  whilst  several  have  light-houses  erected  upon  them. 

With  these  remarks,  we  will  now  proceed,  as  if  on  board  the  American  steamer, 
down  the  American  channel,  through  them — there  being  one  channel  for  the  Canadian 
Company's  boats,  and  another  for  the  American  Company's. 


Leaving  Kingston,  the  tourist  in  the  Ca- 
nadian Company's  steamer  will  proceed  on 
for  six  miles,  and  enter  the  regions  of  the 
Thousand  Islands.  For  a  description  of 
the  scenery  of  the  route,  we  quote  from  a 
writer  who  thus  describes  it : 

"  These  islands  appear  so  thickly  stud- 
ded, that  the  appearance  to  the  spectator, 
on  approaching  them,  is  as  if  the  vessel 
steered  her  course  towards  the  head  of  a 
landlocked  bay  which  barred  all  further 
progress.  Coming  nearer,  a  small  break  in 
the  line  of  shore  opens  up,  and  he  enters 
between  what  he  now  discovers  to  be 
islands,  and  islands  which  are  innumera- 
ble.  Now,  he  sails  in  a  wide  channel  be- 


w 

H 

O 
►J 

w 

>5 


25 


Leaving  Cape  Vincent,  the  steamer  now 
proceeds  towards  the  islands,  and,  after 
winding  her  course  amongst  them  for 
about  twenty  miles,  reaches  the  stopping- 
place  called 

Clayton,  a  small,  well-built  village, 
from  which  a  considerable  lumber  trade 
is  carried  on,  several  rafts  of  which  may 
probably  be  seen  in  French  Creek,  close 
at  hand,  ready  for  being  "  run  "  down  the 
St.  Lawrence  to  Montreal  or  Quebec.  Sev- 
eral of  the  finest  steamers  which  navigate 
the  St.  Lawrence  were  built  here. 

Alexandria  Bay,  12  miles  from  Clayton, 
is  soon  reached — in  approaching  which, 
the   tourist    will   admire    the    exquisite 


^' 


1 


4 


•■,  •!! 


'Illlil'  'ililllllll'     '' ' 


I  II'    11! 


If:    III   :;:#'::■' ii''^'!!' 


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!'i':Ik 

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'iiVi^Mlillli  Vl,i:.;i 

i"!|ii#!i:i'vi^11ii!ilij, 


♦  . 


I 


...A' 


ROUTE   DOWN   THE   ST.    LAWRENCE. 


twoen  more  (liiitniitslioros;  nirnin.lie  enters 
into  a  Kti'iiit  oo  iiuri'ow  tliat  tin-  Inrge  pml- 
(lle-li'ixes  of  the  steiimer  iilinost  sweep  the 
fdliage,  (•n  either  side,  as  she  pursues  lier 
devious  course;  Now,  the  ishinds  nre  niilea 
ill  eireunifipeiiee  ;  unci  iii;iiiii,hf  |ii\ssessome 
wliieli  lire  Very  Miiiill,  xliuded  hy  a  single 
liny  tree  oc'iipyim;  the  hnndfui  of  earth 
wliieh  represents  tlie  'dry  land.'  On  all, 
the  trees  grow  to  tiie  water's  edge,  and 
dip  their  outer  lii'iiiielies  in  the  clear  blue 
lake.  Sometimes  the  miraf/e  throws  its 
air  of  enchantment  on  the  whide,  and  the 
more  distiint  i^lMnds  seem  floating  in  mid- 
heavei; — mdy  descending  into  the  lake  as 
a  nearer  approacb  dispels  the  illusion,  and 
when  til'-  rushing  steamer  breaks  the  fair 
surface  of  tiie  water  in  which  all  this  love- 
liness is  reflected,  as  in  a  mirror." 

UiiocKviLLE  (Canada  West)  is  the  county 
town  for  the  united  counties  of  Leeds  and 
(ireiiville.  A  steamer  plies  to  Xorristown, 
on  tlie  American  side.  All  the  American 
as  Well  as  Canadian  steamers  touch  here. 
The  tourist  cannot  fail  to  admire  the  fine 
location  of  Broek%lle,  and  its  numerous 
Instefiilly  laid  out  gardens,  stretching 
down  to  the  river's  edge,  as  well  as  some 
neat  built  villas  on  the  banks.  Named 
after  Gen.  Brock,  whose  monument,  at 
(^ueenstown  Heights,  commemorates  his 
full  in  battle  there  in  1812.  Distant  from 
Kingston  48  miles  by  rail,  and  ^lontreal 
125  miles.  The  steamer,  after  leaving 
Brockville,  proceeds  for  12  miles,  and 
reaches  the  town  of 

I'nKscorr,  which  is  situated  almost  im- 
mediately op[i(isite  to  Ogdensburg.  At 
Prescott,  both  lines  of  steamers  touch. 
From  there,  branches  off  the  railroail  to 
Ottawa  Crrv — the  future  capital  of  Cana- 
da— a  visit  to  which  will  well  repay  the 
tourist  55  miles  to  Ottawa  per  railroad. 
Considerable  amount  of  business  is  done 
with  Ogdensburg,  opposite,  to  and  from 
which  plies  two  ferry  steamers.  Popula- 
tion about  4,000.  113  miles  from  Mon- 
treal bj-  rail. 

One  mile  below  Prescott  is  "  Windmill 
Point,"  being  the  ruins  of  on  old  wind- 
mill, where,  in  1837,  the  Canadian  pa- 
triots, under  a  Polish  exile  named  Von 
Shultz,  established  their  headquarters, 
but  were  subsequently  driven  from  it,  with 
great  loss. 


W 
W 

Hi 

H 

W 
H 

Ed 
O 

^A 
W 

O 


27 


scenery  which  now  opens  up  to  view  on 
every  turn  which  the  steomer  takes.  From 
Alexiiiidria  Bay,  some  of  the  finest  views 
of  the  islands,  to  our  mind,  are  to  be  seen  ; 
whilst  from  the  high  jmints  near  the  vil- 
lage, upwards  of  one  hundreil  of  the 
islands  can  be  counted  in  one  view.  Tlie 
situation  of  Ale.Mindria  Bay  must  always 
render  it  a  fiivimrite  place  with  tiic  tourist 
who  deliglits  in  romantic  situations  or 
good  spdit.  After  steiiining  along  for 
other  22  miles,  tlie  last,  of  the  Thousand 
Islanils  is  seen,  and  the  steamer  touches 
on  tiie  Catiiulian  side,  at  the  thriving  and 
prettily  sit\iated  town  of  Broekvile  (Cana- 
da West). 

MoHiusTowN  is  situated  exactly  opposite 
Brockville,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
steam  ferry  every  half  hour,  1  mile  dis- 
tance. 

The  American  steamer,  after  leaving 
Brockville,  proceeds  on  to 

Ogpensburg,  now  an  important  link  in 
the  chain  of  communication  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  with  a  rail- 
road to  Lake  Cliamplain,  (118  miles  off) 
and  which  also  connects  at  House's  Point 
with  the  other  lines,  to  Boston  and  New 
York,  as  well  as  to  Montreal.  A  consid- 
erable trade  is  done  at  Ogdensburg, 
whilst  the  situation  of  the  town  is  one  of 
the  prettiest  on  the  whole  route.  Settled 
by  the  French  in  1748,  attacked  by  the 
Mohawk  Lidiiins  in  1740,  and,  on  the  de- 
feat of  Montcalm  at  (Quebec,  the  settlement 
was  abandoned  by  the  French. 

After  Ogdensburg,  conu's  Wad'lington, 
opposite  to  Ogden  Island.  Thirty  miles 
further  on  is  Louisville,  from  which  stages 
run  to  Messina  Springs,  7  miles  distant. 

The  American  steamer  proceeds  on- 
wards to  the  first  rapid  in  the  route, 
known  by  the  name  of  Gallop's  Rapids, 
succeeded  by  others  of  lesser  note.  (See 
Descent  of  the  Ropids.) 

Four  miles  further  on  is  Chimney  Island, 
on  which  stands  the  ruin  of  an  old  French 
fortification.  A  short  distance  from  there  is 

Chrysellek's  Farm,  where  a  battle  was 
fought  between  the  Americans  and  the 
British,  in  1813,  at  the  time  when  the 
Americans,  under  Gen.  Wilkinson,  were 
descending  the  river  to  attack  Montreal, 
but  which  attempt  was  afterwards  aban* 
doned. 


ROUTE  DOWN  THE  ST.   LAWRENCE. 


t  , 


DESCENT  OF  THE  RAPIDS. 

AT  LONG   BAULT. 

These  RnpiJs,  universally  ullowed  to  be 
the  most  extensive  and  the  most  exciting 
to  be  found  on  this  continent,  extend  in 
continuous  lines  for  u  distance  of  nine 
miles — tiie  stream  being  divided  near  its 
centre  bj-  an  island.  The  channels  on 
both  sides  are  descended  with  safety,  al- 
thouijh  steamers  usually  pass  on  the  south 
side,  which  is  a  trifle  narrower  than  the 
other.  The  current  moves  along  this  chan- 
nel with  astonishing  velocity,  drifting  rafts 
at  the  rate  of  12  or  14  miles  an  hour,  the 
waters  alone  moving  at  least  20  miles  an 
hour.  It  needs  not  the  aid  of  wind  or 
steam  to  descend  these  swift-sweeping 
waters,  and  hence  when  vessels  enter  the 
current  they  shut  off  steam,  and  trust  to 
the  guidance  of  the  helm  only  as  they  are 
borne  on  their  rapid  voyage  by  the  force 
of  the  stream  alone.  Nature  presents  but 
few  sights  more  grand  and  beautiful  than 
is  presented  from  the  deck  of  a  steamer 
when  descending-  these  rapids.  The  un- 
equal movement  of  the  waves,  as  they 
plunge  from  one  eddy  to  another,  causes 
the  boat  to  rise  and  fall  with  a  motion  not 
unlike  that  experienced  on  the  ocean  after 
a  gale  of  wind  has  disturbed  its  bosom. 
Tlie  constant  roar  of  the  waters  as  they 
dash  and  leap  along  their  furious  course, 
filling  the  atmosphere  with  misty  foam ; 
the  wild  and  tunmltuous  force  with  which 
■wave  struggles  with  wave  to  reach  the 
depths  below  ;  the  whirlings  of  the  yawn- 
ing eddies,  that  seem  strong  and  angry 
enough  to  engulph  any  and  every  thing 
that  ventures  within  their  embrace,  and 
the  ever-changing  features,  form  and 
course  of  the  writhing,  restless  stream,  all 
unite  in  presenting  a  scene  of  surpassing 
grandeur. 

The  navigation  of  these  rapids,  althougli 
generally  conducted  with  entire  safety, 
requires,  nevertheless,  great  nerve,  force 
and  presence  of  mind  on  the  part  of  the 
pilots — generally  Indians — who  essay  to 
guide  the  staggering  steamer  on  its  course. 
It  is  imperative  that  the  vessel  should  keep 
her  head  straight  with  the  stream,  for  if 
she  diverges  in  the  leost,  so  as  to  present 
her  side  to  the  current,  she  would  be  in- 


o 

K 
en 


O 

< 


28 


ROUTE  FROM  PRESCOTT. 

DOWN   TIIE   RAPIDS. 

The  steamer,  after  leaving  Prescott, 
proceeds,  passing,  on  its  \vay,  between 
Chimney  Island  and  Drummwnd's  Island 
— now  steering  for  Tick  Island,  thence 
northwest  round  the  western  end  of  Isle 
aux  Galops,  and  by  Fraser's  Islond  to 
a  point  opjiosite  Lock  27  of  the  caiuil, 
which  extends  from  the  beginning  of  the 
Gallop  Rapids  to  Point  Iroquois  and  rap- 
ids. Instead  of  passing  through  tnat  canal, 
however,  the  steamer  proceeds  down  the 
Gallop  Rapids. 

GALLOP  RAPIDS. 

In  sailing  down  these  rapids,  the  steam- 
er passes  on  its  way  Isle  aux  Galops, 
and  several  other  small  islands  in  the 
channel,  onwards  to  Long  Point — pass- 
ing down  the  rapids  between  Tousson's 
Island  and  the  south  bank  of  the  river ; 
thence  on  again,  and  down  the  Iroquois 
Rapids,  shortly  after  passing  which  we 
reach  (,)g(len'8  Island,  wkh  rapids  on  each 
side  of  it.  (At  this  point  the  up  steamers 
ascend  via  the  Rapide  Platte  Canal,  from 
Lock  23  to  24.)  After  ]>assing  Ogden's 
Island,  and  several  smaller  ones,  we  pass 
Goose  Neck  Island  and  Crysler's  Island, 
and  proceed  on  between  the  two  Cat 
Islands,  the  Upper  Long  Sault — now  called 
Croyle's  Island — and  the  rapids  on  the 
north-western  end  of  it,  at  Farren's  Point, 
where  there  is  a  short  canal  for  the  up 
steamer  to  pass  through. 

LONG  SAULT  RAPIDS.  '' 
Sailixq  down  the  rapid  there,  we  pass 
at  some  distance  Dickenson's  Landing, 
close  to  Long  Sault  Island,  and  prepare 
to  what  is  termed  "  shoot  the  Rapids 
of  the  Long  Sault" — passing  by  the 
north  channel,  and  downward  through 
the  rapids  between  Sheek's  Island  and 
Barnhart's  Island.  After  steaming  a  short 
distance,  with  smooth  sailing,  we  again 
reach  rapids,  being  those  between  the 
town  of  Cornwall  and  Cornwall  Island. 
(The  up  steamers  enter  in  at  Lock  15,  at 
Cornwall,  and  passing  along  the  canal 
with  its  eight  locks,  find  an  exit  at  Lock 
22.)     For  a  description  of  the    passage 


'^sH-^OHiktim-r 


:OTT. 

ig  Prescott, 
ly,  between 
wnd'd  lalnnd 
liuul,  thence 
en<l  of  Isle 
'a  Island  to 
f  the  canal, 
ining  of  the 
loia  and  rap- 
h  tnat  canal, 
Is  down  the 


5. 

Is,  the  steam- 
uux   Galops, 
ands   in   the 
Point — pass- 
en  Tousson's 
)f  the  river ; 
the  Iroquois 
g  which  we 
pids  on  each 
up  steamers 
Canal,  from 
sing   Ogden's 
nes,  we  pass 
sler's  Island, 
le  two   Cat 
— now  culled 
ipids   on  the 
rren's  Point, 
1  for  the  up 


'IDS. 

lere,  we  pass 
I'a  Landing, 
and   prepare 

the  Rapids 
mg  by  the 
ard    through 

Island  and 
raing  a  short 
-we  again 
between  the 

wall  Island. 

Lock  15,  at 
g   the  canal 

exit  at  Lock 

the   passage 


a 


■a 


u 


as 


ROUTE  DOWN  THE  ST.   LAWRENCE. 


Rtantly  en|t!*ize(l  and  lost  In  order  to  ]>re- 
veiit  such  cntustro|)liu»«,  bouts  traversing 
the  rapidrt  liave  tlieir  rudders  constructed 
in  audi  a  nmnnor  that  any  amount  of 
power  can  he  brought  to  bear  upon  them 
at  any  moment.  Not  only  U  the  wheel 
guided  by  strongly-wrought,  but  pliable 
chains,  which  are  managed  from  a  position 
near  the  Itows,  but  a  strong  tiller  is  ad- 
justed at  the  stern,  which  recjuires  the  aid 
of  four  powerful  men,  while  two  are  work- 
ing at  the  wheel,  to  keep  the  vessel's  head 
in  its  proper  direction. 

The  greatest   danger   attends   tlx;  ad- 
venturous    raftsmen,   whose  skill,   cour- 
age and  physical  strength  are  perhaps  not    ^ 
excelled  by  any  similar  body  of  men  in    ^ 
the  world.     But,  despite  all  these  advan- 
tages, many  a  raft  has  been  broken,  and     1^ 
many  a  gallant  raftsman's  life  has  been  lost    ® 
upon  this  remorseless  tide  of  waters. 


P^ 


down  the  Long  Suult  Ilapids,  ^ee  the 
opposite  colunm  on  this  page.  For  illus- 
tration of  the  same,  see  engraving. 

St.  Kegis  is  an  old  Indian  village,  one 
of  the  historical  incidents  connected  with 
which,  is  a  marauding  excursion  made  by 
the  St.  Regis  Indians,  into  Massachusetts, 
to  recover  a  bell  for  their  church,  which, 
having  been  captured  on  its  way  to 
Canada  from  France,  was  purchased  for 
the  church  of  Deerlield,  Massachusetts — 
but  retaken  from  there  by  the  said  In- 
dians, who  claimed  it  as  theirs,  and  who 
murdered,  in  the  dead  of  night,  47,  and 
captured  112,  of  the  unsuspecting  and  in- 
nocent citizens  of  Deerfleld.  Il-iving  ob- 
tained the  bell,  they  carried  it,  suspended 
from  a  pole,  on  their  shoulders,  for  160 
miles,  and  it  now  hangs  in  the  Catholic 
Church  of  St  Regis,  built  about  160 
years  ago. 


Steamers  in  their  passage  up  the  St  Lawrence,  when  they  come  to  the  rapids,  pass 
round  them,  by  entering  the  stupendous  canals  which  have  been  made  for  the  purpose  of 
enabling  them  to  pass  up,  as  well  as  down,  the  river — although  it  is  in  the  passage  down 
the  river,  such  as  we  are  now  describing,  in  which  all  the  beauty  and  enjoyment  of  the 
trip  is  to  be  seen  and  realized.  Having  passed  through  the  most  exciting  port  of  the 
whole  trip,  we  now  arrive  at  the  town  of  Cornwall,  at  the  foot  of  the  Long  Sault  Rapids — 
on  the  Canada  side. 

Cornwall  is  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  so  that, 
after  this  point,  all  the  points  of  interest  remaining  are  now  within  the  Britisli  pos- 
sessions. Here  the  Cornwall  Canal  may  be  seen,  12  miles  long,  by  which  vessels  pass 
up — as  already  mentioned. 

LAKE    ST.    FRANCIS. 

After  leaving  Cornwall,  we  proceed  on,  passing  St  Regis  Island,  situated  in  mid- 
channel,  until  we  enter  Lake  St.  Francis,  passing  between  the  Squaw's  Island  and  But- 
ternut Islands,  with  lighthouse  to  the  north,  in  Lancaster  Shoal.  The  steamer  now 
steers  close  to  the  floating  light,  onwards  to  Cherry  Island  Light,  and  passing  McGee's 
Point  Light,  on  the  main  land,  (north  shore,)  aails  on  towards  the  Rapids  of  Coteau  du  Lao. 


COTEAU    RAPIDS     AND    CEDARS    RAPIDS. 


At  the  Coteau  du  Lac  Rapids,  a  cluster 
of  sixteen  islands  interrupt  the  regular 
navigation,  bat  through  which  the  skilful 
pilot  steers  first  down  the  rapid  between 
the  main  land  and  Giron  Island,  thence 
down  again  between  French  Island,  and 
Maple  and  Thorn  Islands,  and  again  be- 
tween Prisoner's  Island  and  Broad  Island, 


O 
31 


Coteau  du  Lac  "  is  a  small  village,  situ- 
ated at  the  foot  of  Lake  St  Francis.  The 
name,  as  well  as  the  style  of  the  buildings, 
denotes  its  French  origin.  Just  below  the 
illage  are  the  Coteau  Rapids." 
Cedars  Rapids  are  situated  between  the 
village  of  Cedars  (north  shore)  and  village 
of  St  Timoth6,  (south  shore,)  with  8  or  10 


ROUTE  DOWN   THE   ST.   LAWRENCE. 


ftnd  emerging  into  smooth  water  along- 
side of  Urand  Inland,  until,  shortly  after, 
the  Cedars  lUpidit  are  reached. 

Ckdauh. — This  village  iireseiits  the  same 
marks  of  French  origin  as  Cotenu  du  Lao. 
In  the  expedition  of  Gen.  Amherst,  a  do- 
tnchinent  of  throe  hundred  men,  that  were 
sent  to  attaeic  Montreal,  were  lo»t  in  the 
rupidii  near  this  place,  "  The  passage 
through  these  rapids  is  very  exciting. 
Tliore  is  a  peculiar  motion  of  the  vessel, 
which,  in  descending,  seems  like  settling 
down,  as  she  glides  from  one  ledge  to  ano- 
ther. In  passing  the  rapids  of  the  Split 
Rock,  a  person,  unacquainted  with  the 
navigation  uf  these  rnpids,  will  almost  in- 
voluntarily hold  his  breath  until  this  ledge 
of  rocks,  wliich  is  distinctly  seen  from  the 
deck  of  the  steamer,  is  passed.  At  one 
time  the  vessel  seems  to  be  running  di- 
rectly upon  it,  and  you  feel  certain  that 
she  will  strike ;  but  a  skilful  hand  is  at 
the  helm,  and  in  an  instaut  more  it  is 
passed  in  safety." 


CO 


■mall  islands  in  the  channel  where  th« 
rapids  arc. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  river  is  lieau- 
barnolH. 

liuAiJiiAHNOiB  "  is  a  small  village  at  the 
foot  of  the  Cascades,  on  the  south  hank  of 
the  river.  (Here  up  vessels  enter  the  Ueau- 
harnois  Canal — with  nine  locks — and  pass 
around  the  rapids  of  the  Cascades,  Cedars 
and  Coteau,  into  TiUke  St.  Francis,  a  dis- 
tance of  1-1  miles.)  On  the  north  hank,  a 
branch  of  the  Ottawa  enters  into  the  St. 
Lawrence." 

After  passing  down  the  ropid«  at  Ce- 
dars, the  steamer  again  enters  the  smooth 
waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  only,  how- 
ever, to  be  soon  once  more  broken  in  upon 
by  the  Cascade  liapids. 


THE  CASCADE  RAPIDS  AND  LAKE  ST.  LOUIS. 


m 

I 


TuK  Cascade  Rapids  are  situated  between  Cascade's  Point  and  Buisson  Pointe,  in 
whicli  are  situated  Mory's  Reef,  Dog's  Reef,  Split  Rock,  Round  Island  and  isle  nux 
Cascades.  On  the  north  side  of  these  rapids,  the  majestic  river  Ottawa  comes  sweeping 
along,  and  round  both  sides  of  Isle  Perrot,  and  here  joins  issue  with  the  St.  Lawrence, 
in  Lake  St.  Louis.  A  smooth  and  pleasant  sail  of  24  miles  along  Lake  St.  Louis  will  be 
enjoyed,  until  the  last  rapids  of  all  are  readied,  viz.,  Lachine. 

The  steamboat  track  proceeds  through  Lake  St.  Louis,  passing  three  floating  light- 
ships and  the  town  of  Lachine,  on  north  bank,  and  Caughnawaga,  on  south  bank  of  river. 


La  Chine. — ^Thia  village  is  nine  miles 
from  Montreal,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  railroad.  "  The  La  Chine  Rapids  be- 
gin just  below  the  town.  The  current  is 
here  so  swift  and  wild,  that  to  avoid  it  a 
canal  has  been  cut  around  these  rapids. 
This  canal  is  a  stupendous  work,  and  re- 
flects much  credit  upon  the  energy  and 
enterprise  of  the  people  of  Montreal. 

At  La  Cliine  is  the  residence  of  Sir 
George  Simpson,  Governor  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  and  of  the  officers  of 
this,  tlie  chief  post  of  that  corporation.  It 
is  from  this  point  that  the  orders  from 
head-quarters  in  London  are  sent  to  all  the 
many  posts  throughout  the  vast  territory 
of  the  company ;  and  near  the  end  of  April 


M 
O 

"A 

W 


82 


Caughnawaga. — "  This  is  an  Indian  vil- 
lage, lying  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river) 
near  the  entrance  of  the  La  Chine  Rapids. 
It  derived  its  name  fi-om  the  Indians  tlmt 
had  been  converted  by  the  Jesuits,  who 
were  called  "  Caughnawaga»,"  or  "  jiraying 
Indians."  This  was  probably  a  misnomer, 
for  they  were  distinguished  for  their  pre- 
datory incursions  upon  tlieir  neighbours 
in  the  New  England  pi'ovinces.  The 
Indians  at  Caughnawaga  suljsist  chiefly 
by  navigating  barges  and  rafu  down  to 
Montreal,  and,  in  winter,  by  a  trade  in  moc- 
casins, snow-shoes,  etc.  They  are  mostly 
Roman  Catholics,  and  possess  an  elegant 
church," 

Many  of  the  Caughnawaga  Indians  are 


•^-'tia^,  >«t«!lti)(«B9tiwfit«iNjidH(U 


where  th« 


^cr  \»  Huau- 


la^e  lit  the 
nth  bank  of 
LTtlu'  Uoau- 
» — and  pass 
idi!!*,  Ci'Jors 
uiiciR,  u  di»- 
ii'tli  hunk,  a 
uto  thti  8t. 

pid«  at  Ce- 
the  smooth 
only,  liow- 
ktiu  iu  upon 


Pointe,  in 
d  Isle  nux 
8  sweeping 

Lawrence, 
mis  will  be 

iting  liglit- 
of  river. 

fndian  vil- 

the  river> 

ine  llupids. 

diiiiis  that 

jsnits,  who 

I'l'ftying 

misnomer, 

their  pre- 

leighbours 

ces.      The 

ist  chiefly 

ii  down  to 

de  in  moo- 

ire  mostly 

in  elegant 


"^. 


*! 


w 


P3 


Cfi 


W 


CO 


S 


?3 


idians  are 


I       I 

I 


llOUTE    DOWN   THE   ST.    L.VWUKNCE. 


'i 


fiK'li  \<Mr  a  botly  of  tralnvj  myarfeui'*  Mt 
uiii  liviiou  ill  lar^u  oiiiiova,  calltnl  >naitr«» 
caiiotn,  witli  iiiickii^oN  mill  gomlit  fur  tlio 
varioiM  piifttA  III  tlii-  ^^ UiUriivMt.  Twu cvii 
turiti*  a\j;tt,  tlio  ooniiiuiiioii*  uf  tliu  cxplurer 
(!orti»'r,  on  iirnviiii;  licrt',  tlioiiL'lit  tli«y  hml 
iJidcov (M'otI  u  roiito  to('liiMik,  mill  t^xprt-MfJ 
their  joy  ill  the  oxclaiiiutloii  of  \a\  Ciiine! 
Ilvnou  tlie  presoiit  imiue,  ursoat  loaiit  wtyi 
trnilitlou." 


to  b«  met  witli  on  tli«  itciiiiifr>«,  iiihI  in  tli« 
•treett  In  tlie  citio*  of  Montiviil,  (jiu-livc, 
mill  ivcn  in  X<'W  Voric,  nvlliiii;  llu-ir  fumy 
liLMiil  wmk.  I'll', 

1.1k  I'rikirii!  l«  i>uiiiu  Si'vuii  iiiilut  below 
C'mixliimwiii^a,  or  N'lllngo  uf  tliu  KHpld«, 
alK'r  wliiili  till'  Htiuiiitir  tuiU  on  fur  a  few 
iuile»,  and  rvuvlit'*  tho  City  uf  Montreal. 


I< 


LACHINE    RAPIDS. 


il 


PRinriovs  to  entering  the  Lacliine  UnpiiU,  the  tourist  inny  observe  the  entrance  to  the 
aqiieOuct  of  the  wnter-works  which  supplieH  Montivnl  witli  water — 1\  jfigmitie  uiiderttiking, 
and  atfording  tlie  eitizoim  of  that  city  a  nevor-fiiilliig,  iiiiliinitcil  supply  of  i;iioil  tujua. 

There  are  7  Binall  iitlamlH  in  tliu  channel  of  the  Luiehiiie  Uapiili*.  The  strainer  luxseA  on 
between  Ulo  dii  Diable,  lt>le  an  llerun,  and  Isle  Hoket,  and  after  paitsing  down  the  riipidit, 
the  steamer  proceed!*  along,  passing  near  to  Nun's  li^laiid,  lulonufiiig  to  the  (ircy  Nun- 
nery, Montreal,  and  one  of  the  many  Islands  wliioh  belong,  and  yield  large  resourues  to, 
the  nunneries.     A  slight  rapid,  named 

NoBM.^N  Uaiuk,  i*  «allid  through,  and,  after  passing  that  great  inonunient  of  engineering 
skill,  the  \'ictoiia  IJridge,  tho  steamor  lamU  her  posseugers  at  the  wharf  of  the  city  of 
Montri.>ul. 

84 


^    ? 


MONTREAL  TO  QUKfiKC. 


MoNlWJSAL  TO  QUEBEC. 

Tub  tourist  who  it  deatrous  of  f>f/M)eedlnK  on  hia  voyiiKA  ut  onoo,  only  itaytn^  until  nfict 
lit)  liuH  viMlud  the  oomnK^rcial  capital  of  (Anada,  and  vnJoyt>d  thu  niaKiiitii>*-i)t  viow  from 
the  mountain  beliind  the  iVy  »f  Montreal,  or  from  (»ff  the  top  of  the  Notre  l)nm«  In  Place 
il'Arinen,  will  find  the  Quebec  utenmer* — conifortaMy  titled  Up  and  well  appointed — refldy 
to  «tar(  every  evening  about  «ix  o'clock,  Frt.iU  the  fact  of  the  steamer*  sailing  liotli  from 
Montreal  itnd  Quebec  In  the  evening,  a  short  tillK?  during  daylight  Is  only  left  fur  the  trav- 
eller t«>  sec  much  of  the  river  and  Its  I>aiik8  between  these  two  cities.  This  need  hardly  1)1) 
regretted,  however,  so  much,  as  tiio  scenery,  for  the  moxt  part,  is  tnme  and  uidntereftling 
— t lie  chief  attractions  l)clng  the  neat  and  plcturei«<|ucly-»ituated  Freneh-C'iinttdian  villagos, 
which  are  sifunted  on  its  banks,  here  and  there,  the  tin-oovered  spires  of  their  churches  In 
the  clear  moonlight  night — t'u  willing  of  the  steamer  swiftly  down  tln»  stream,  and  the 
beautiful  moonlight  on  a  still  HummerV  idglit. — all  eontrlbute  to  render  such  a  trip  pleasant, 
and  a  change  from  what  is  almost  nowhere  else  to  be  enjoyed  in  any  other  trip  wiiich  can 
be  taken  in  Canada. 

lA'oviiig  Montreal,  therefore,  by  the  steamer,  a  good  view  of  the  city  and  Ht.  Hel^n'f 
Island — in  the  middle  of  the  stream — is  to  be  seen.  The  island  is  fortitied,  and  commands 
the  passage  of  the  river. 

The  Kapiiih  ok  St.  Mary  ore  just  below  St.  Helen's  Island,  and,  although  not  dangerous, 
are  very  troublesome  to  the  river  craft,  which  are  much  retarded  in  their  movements  by 
these  obstinate  rapids. 

The  tirst  village  passed  is  that  of  Longueil — throe  miles  below  Montreal,  on  south  side 
of  the  river — the  terminus  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  to  Portland  and  yucbec. 

LoNOiK  Point  and  Point  Aux  TREMiaEH,  on  the  Island  of  Montreal,  are  successively 
passed  on  the  left,  and  Bouoiikrville  on  the  opposite  shore. 

The  Island  or  St.  Theresa  is  15  miles  below  the  city,  and  uear  the  mouth  of  Ottawa 
River. 

Varennks,  on  the  south-east  side  of  the  river,  is  a  beautiful  village,  which  is  often  re- 
sorted to  on  account  of  the  mineral  springs  to  be  found  in  its  vicinity. 

William  Henrt,  or  Sorel,  80  miles  below  Varennes,  is  a  town  of  some  8000  inhabitants. 
It  stands  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort  built  in  1666,  at  the  mouth  of  Richelieu  River,  and  the 
first  permanent  settlement  was  made  in  1685.  The  "  fort"  was  taken,  and  occupied  in  May, 
1776,  by  a  party  of  AmericaDS,  in  their  retreat  from  Quebec,  on  the  death  of  Gen.  Mont- 
gomery. 

Leaving  Richelieu  River,  which  is  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  into  the  St  Lawrence, 
we  pass  a  succession  of  small  islands,  and  enter 


LAKE  ST.  PETER'S. 

This  lake,  which  is  formed  by  an  expansion  of  the  river,  Is  about  twenty-five  miles  long 
and  nine  miles  broad,  but  is,  for  the  most  part,  rather  shallow.  Recent  improvements,  how- 
ever, have  rendered  the  navigation  such  that  the  largest^iling  vessels,  and  the  Canadian 
and  Liverpool  steamers  now  pass  up  during  the  summer  season  to  Montreal.  Like  all  the 
other  lakes,  that  of  St.  Peter's  assumes  a  very  different  appearance  in  the  summer  season, 
during  mild  weather,  from  what  it  does  during  a  gale  of  wind.  Then  it  presents  all  the 
appearance,  as  well  as  the  dangers  of  the  sea,  and  rafts  on  their  way  down  the  river  are 
frequently  wrecked  on  its  waters — the  violence  of  the  winds  and  waves  being  such  as  to 
render  the  rafts  unmanageable,  and  part  them  asunder,  to  the  loss  sometimes  of  life  as  well 
as  the  timber. 

On  the  south  bank  of  the  river  is  the  small  village  of  Port  St  Francis,  82  miles  from 
Montreal. 

86 


MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC. 


m 


I  i' 


Proceeding  on  for  other  eight  miles,  the  steamer  stops  at  one  of  the  oldest  settled  towns 
in  Canada,  viz. : 

Three  Riveus,  90  miles  from  Montreal,  being  lialf  way  between  Quebec  and  Montreal, 
Situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  River  St.  Maurice,  Population  about 
6000.  The  most  prominent  buildings  are  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  churches,  a 
convent,  jail,  and  court-house.  Founded  in  1018.  After  leaving  Three  Rivers  tlie  steamer 
proceeds  onwards,  and  shortly  passes  the  mouth  of  the  St,  Maurice  River,  which  enters 
the  St,  Lawrence  from  Canada,  The  beautiful  stream  runs  a  course  of  some  400  miles  in  a 
south-east  direction,  frequently  expanding  and  forming  lakes  of  various  sizes.  Its  banks 
are  generally  very  high,  varying  from  iJOO  to  1,000  feet,  and  covered  Avith  tiiick  groups  of 
variegated  trees.  It  has  a  number  of  falls  and  cascades,  and  is  adorned  with  several  small 
islands.  Its  principal  tributaries  are  the  Ribbon  and  Veniiillion,  running  from  tlie  west, 
and  the  Windigo  and  Croche  Rivers,  from  the  east,     Tlie  next  town  readied  is 

Batisc'an,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  117  miles  from  Montreal,  and  the  last  stopping- 
place  before  arriving  at  Quebec,     Batiscan  is  reached  at  an  early  hour  in  the  morning, 

Richelieu  Rapids. — Tiie  channel  of  the  river  where  these  rapids  occur  is  very  naiTOW 
and  intricate,  huge  irregular  rocks  being  visible  in  many  places  during  low  water. 
Beacon  lights  are  placed  at  the  most  dangerous  points,  to  aid  the  mariner  in  navigating 
these  ditticult  jiassiigos,  wliieh  extend  a  distance  of  6  or  9  miles. 

Pursuing  our  eour.-e,  we  juiss  tiie  small  settlements  of  St.  Marie,  St.  Anne,  Point  Aux 
Tremble;',  and  Port  Nciif,  uw  i  ■  nortii,  and  Gentilly,  St.  Pierre,  Deeliellons,  Lotiiiniure,  and 
St,  Croix,  0.'.  the  soutl.  ••'ule  oi  me  river.     Nearly  opposite  St.  Croix  is  Cape  Saiite, 

Cape  Sante  is  alioiit  'M)  miles  altove  Quebec,  on  the  north  side  of  the  river;  a  small  set- 
tlement called  St,  Tr»is  being  <iii  tlie  opposite  shore.  The  banks  of  tlie  river  rise  here  al- 
most perpendicularly  to  a  height  of  80  feet  above  the  water,  and  extend  back  for  many 
miles  with  an  almost  level  surface. 

Cape  Rouge,  8  miles  above  Quebec,  is  next  passed  on  the  left,  when  the  citadel  of  Que- 
bec comes  into  view,  presenting  a  sight  at  once  grand  and  deeply  interesting,  from  its  his- 
torical associations, 

Chaudieuk  UivEK,  on  the  right,  has  a  number  of  beautiful  falls  a  short  disttincc  from  its 
entrance  into  the  St,  Lawrence, 

"Wolf's  Cove,  2  miles  above  Quebec,  is  historically  famous  as  the  place  where  the  im- 
mortal Wolfe  landed  with  his  gallant  army  in  1759,  and  ascended  to  the  Plains  of  Abra- 
ham, where  the  heroic  chief  fell  mortally  wounded,  just  at  tlie  successful  termination  of 
one  of  the  most  daring  enterprises  ever  chronicled  in  the  annals  of  warfare. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  Point  Levi,  a  small  town  of  about  1500  inhabitants. 
Here  is  the  Quebec  station  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad. 

On  approaching  Quebec  the  character  of  the  country  again  resumes  a  more  picturesque 
appearance — the  high  banks  and  finely-wooded  country  showing  to  great  advantage. 
Within  a  few  miles  of  the  City  of  Quebec  scmie  [)rivate  residences  may  be  seen  embosomed 
amid  the  folioge,  in  romantic  situations,  on  the  heights  above,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
river,  and  on  nearing  the  city  the  port  of  New  Liverpool  may  be  seen  on  the  rigjit-hand, 
or  south  side  of  the  river,  with  some  large  ships  lying  at  anchor  there,  as  well  as  all  the 
way  between  there  and  Quebec ;  where,  during  the  season  of  open  navigation,  immense 
mimbers  of  large  vessels  may  be%een  waiting  to  discharge  their  cargoes,  and  load  the  tim- 
ber of  Canada  for  transportation  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  but  more  particularly  to  Green- 
ock, on  the  River  Clyde,  (Scotland,)  and  Liverpool,  on  the  llersey,  (England). 

Previous  to  arriving,  the  spot  may  be  seen  on  the  face  of  the  embankment  where  the 
gallant  Montgomery  was  killed  whilst  attempting  to  storm  the  citadel  at  that  point. 

The  steamer,  after  rounding  the  high  cliffs  and  Cape  Diamond,  takes  a  sweep  round  in 
the  river,  and  lands  its  passengers,  about  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  at  the  base  of  the 
Citadel  of  Quebec — the  "  Gibraltar  of  America," 


86 


1 


QUEBEC. 


CITY   OF    QUEHEC-CANADA  EAST. 

Associated  as  Quebec  is  with  so  niiiny  sctu.-.-.  of  military  i,'l(>ry,  of  success  as  well  as  di-feat, 
It  must  at  all  times  possess  a  ])ecnliar  int.r.Mt  f..  alin.wt  everyone.     On  its  fields,  and 

around  its  bat- 
tlements, some 
of  the  bravest 
of  the  sons  of 
Great  Britain 
illlH     IIFTI      Ml^         iR'i'il'S'i  1^^^  »nd     Ireland, 

lllB    ii'i    !»«      I'Ss^a  .m erica    and 

France,  have 
fallen,  and 
around  its  cita- 
del, some  of  iho 
most  daring  ex- 
ploits have  taken 
place.  Staiuling 
on    a    bol  1    and 

ii^^i^^|!ltfir,^r-;riiv'ii''ii^^^^M^:'' '  ^■^ii':,;|'illliiPii|li!llll!i.'',     p'-i'<-ipitous  pro- 

UBBii^^B^Mr:  •  ail      ;"-»-^'^'»>'- 

■  >  Ml.  JIT  I,  J  .11,  .1^,  ^n.  ^-m^-mmx-eai^j^  *«  lias  not  inappro- 

priately lie  en 
called  the  "  Gib- 
raltar of  Ameri- 
ca," with  which 
the  names  of  the 
brave  AVolfe, 
Slontealm,  and 
Monti^omery 
must  ever  re- 
main connected. 
The  citadel 
stands  on  what 
is  called  Cape 
Diamond,  3  50 
feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea, 
and  includes 
about  40  acres  of 
ground.     The 

view  from  olfthe 
m 

citadel  is  of  the 

most  picturesque  and  grand  character.  Thcio  will  be  seen  the  majestic  St.  Lawrence, 
winding  its  course  for  about  40  miles,  whiNt  ilie  l)ackgroimd  of  the  ]>anoramic  scene  is  filled 
up  by  extensive  jilains,  runniiii;  backwards  to  lofty  mountains  in  the  distance,  with  Point 
Levi  opposite,  and  the  Island  of  Orleans  in  the  distance,  whilst  the  junction  of  the  River  St. 
Charles,  and  the  (ireat  River,  form  that  innijiiifieent  sheet  of  water,  where  numerous  vessels 
are  to  be  seen  riding  at  anchor  during  the  siiniiner  season. 

A  walk  iiroiiiid  the  rainpurts  of  the  eitndel  will  well  repay  the  stranger,  by  a  magnifi- 
cent change  of  scene  at  every  tni'ii  he  takes.     The  city  itself  bears  all  the  resemblance  of  a 

37 


j 


QrEBKC,    I'LAIXS   OF   ABKAIIAM,    ETC. 

stroiiu'ly  fortified  ami  niic-icnt  v\\\.  ninl,  in  tiuit  rus^pcct,  so  very  diflforcnt  from  the  newly 
sprunir-iip  i-itics,  westwnrd.  Tin-  sirct-ls  nw  giiieriilly  iiiiiTow,  nnd,  in  some  pnrt?,  very 
Mt'f|i.  ill  \v;ill<iiig  fi'diu  Lower  Town  to  U|)pc'i' Town,  more  partic'ulnrly.  I^)Wi'r  Town  is 
wlicrr  all  ilie  slii|)ping  llu^'i^ess  of  the  port  is  curried  on,  eiiiefly  Inniber — in  export — and 
every  ll^'seriptioll  of  goods — in  import.  At  Qnei)ec,  the  greater  portion  of  the  immense 
luinlier-di-triet  of  the  Ottawa  finds  a  market;  vessi-lri  eoining  to  Quebec,  in  ballast  and 
eai'ijii,  retiiiMi  wiili  the  log^,  staves,  and  deals  of  tlie  up-country.  The  population  of 
Qiiehee  is  largely  infused  with  French  Canadians,  and  iu  passing  along  its  streets,  nothing, 
almost,  but  the  French  language  is  heard. 

'Hie  most  interesting  places  and  objects  of  interest  in  ana  around  Quebec  'will  be  found 
i\6  follows: — 

T/ie  J'lahix  of  Abraham,  n  sliort  way  out  of  the  city,  westward,  where  the  celebrated 
battle  was  fought  between  the  troops  of  Britain  and  France,  led  by  their  heroes  Wolfe  and 
Montcalm.  A  monument  is  erected  on  the  spot  wiiere  Wolfe  fell,  with  the  inscription, 
"  Here  Wolfe  died  vietoiious." 

Tlie  Citadel,  sitiuited  on  the  highest  point  of  Cape  Diamond,  and  commanding  the  most 
extensive  view  to  be  had. 

The  Explanade,  between  the  ramparts  and  D'Autueil  street,  used  for  drilling  the  troops. 


DURHAM  TERRACE  aND  THE  CITADEL,  QUEBEC. 


The.  Public,  nr  Palace  Garden,  in  Upper  Town,  fronts  Des  Curriers  street.  One  of  the 
must  interesting  objects  of  historical  interest  is  the  granite  monument  erected  to  the  joint 
ni.iuorv  of  the  two  opposing  heroes,  AVolfe  and  Montcalm,  wiio  both  fell  in  battle.  It  is 
piiie.d  ill  what  is  called  the  Palace  (Jarden,  fiiuly  shaded  with  trees.  It  was  erected  in 
1827  ;  the  Ivirl  of  Dalliousie,  then  (iovernor-genci-al  of  Canada,  laying  the  foundation-stone 
iiiuid  irivat  iiKi.-onie  honors.     The  chaste  design  of  the  monument,  which  is  G6  feet  hi"h,  is 

3« 


WOLFE   AXD  MONTCALM'S  MONUMENT. 

QUEBEC. 


from  tlie  pciioil  of  Csiptiiin  Yomijr,  TT'tli  Hi;.'liliinilor?,  find  the  concise  but  eloqtient  inscrip- 
tion is  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Vislior,  at  one  lini''  oonnootetl  with  tiie  Quebec  press,  for  wliicli  in- 
scription lie  wns  awarded  a  irold  iiiedul.     It  rends  as  follows: 

WOLFE— MOXTCAUI. 

M  O  n  T  E  M     \'  1  K  T  L'  S    0  O  M  M  C  S  K  M  ; 

FAMAM    lllsTOItIA; 

MOXL'MKNTl  M    I'OSTEIUTAS. 

I>EI)1T. 

A.  P.   18'27. 

Wliicli,  being  rendered  into  Ensrli:'h,  means:  "  Militnrj'  virtue  gave  thera  a  common  death 
history  a  common  fame  ;  posteritv  n  common  monument." 

3'J 


li ,    f. 


tl"' 


QUEBEC.  • 

Durham  Terrace,  from  which  one  of  the  finest  and  most  extensive  views  is  to  he  hml. 
A  gront  resort  of  the  citizens  during  the  cool  evenings  of  summer.  At  one  tune  tlie  site  of 
the  CastJe  of  St.  Louis, 

The  Marine  Ilnnpital,  situated  on  the  peninsula  near  Cartier's  Bny ;  the  spot  wliere 
Jnc<]Ui's  ('artier,  the  discoverer  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  spent  tlie  winter  of  1535  and  '36. 

77(f  lin'iM  of-the  Intendant  Palace,  near  Craig  street,  may  interest  the  antiquary  in  such 
mntlers.  Montcabi'i'a  Head-qnartem,  on  the  heights  of  Beauport,  n  short  way  east  of 
Beiuipoi't'rt  Mills.  Montmorenci  Hauge,  situated  close  to  the  bank  of  the  river,  near  the 
Falls  of  Montmorenci,  once  the  residence  of  the  late  Duke  of  Kent,  father  of  her  present 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria.  The  Quebec  Exchange,  an  excellent  reading-room,  well  supplied 
with  Canadian,  American  and  British  newspapers.     Free  to  strangers. 

Tlie  University  of  Quebec,  Hope  street,  Upper  Town,  a  massive  gray  stone  building. 

Caurt  House  and  City  Hall,  St.  Louis  street. 

JmI,  corner  of  Ann  street     Cost  £60,000  ($300,000). 

The  Jesuit  Barracks,  Lunatic  Asylum,  Music  Hall,  and  the  Protestant  and  Catholic 
churches  form  the  remainder  of  the  principal  buildings  in  the  city. 

"  A  morning's  ramble  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham  will  not  fail  to  recall  historical  recollec- 
tions and  to  gratify  a  taste  for  beautiful  scenery.  On  leaving  the  St.  Louis  Gate,  let  the 
traveller  ascend  the  counterscarp  on  the  left,  that  lends  to  the  glacis  of  the  citadel ;  and 
hence  pursuing  a  direction  to  the  right,  let  him  approach  one  of  the  Martello  Towers, 
whence  he  may  enjoy  a  beautiful  view  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  A  little  beyond  let  him  ascend 
the  right  bank,  and  he  reaches  the  celebrated  Plains  of  Abraham,  near  the  spot  where 
General  Wolfe  fell.  On  the  highest  ground,  surrounded  by  wooden  fences,  can  clearly  be 
traced  out  the  redoubt  where  he  received  the  fatal  wound.  He  was  carried  a  few  yards 
In  the  rear,  and  placed  against  a  rock  till  he  expired.  It  has  since  been  removed.  Within 
v.n  enclosure  lower  down,  and  near  to  the  road,  is  the  stone  well  from  which  they  brought 
him  water.  Tlie  English  right  nearly  faced  this  redoubt,  and  on  this  position  the  French 
left  rested.  Tlxe  French  army  arrived  on  the  Plains  from  the  right  of  this  position,  as  it 
came  from  Beauport,  and  not  from  Quebec ;  and,  on  being  defeated,  retired  down  the 
heights  by  which  it  had  ascended,  and  not  into  Quebec.  In  front  of  the  Plains  from  this 
position  stands  the  house  of  Marchruont.  It  is  erected  on  the  sight  of  a  French  redoubt 
that  once  defended  the  ascent  from  Wolfe's  Cove.  Here  landed  the  British  army  under 
Wolfe's  command,  and,  on  mounting  the  banks,'  carried  this  detached  work.  The  troops 
in  the  garrison  are  usually  reviewed  on  the  Plains.  Tlie  tourist  may  farther  enjoy  a 
beautiful  ride.  Let  him  leave  by  St.  Louis  Gate  and  pass  tlie  Plains,  and  he  will  arrive  at 
Marclimont,  the  property  of  John  Gilmour,  Esq.  Tlie  former  proprietor,  Sir  John  Harvey, 
went  to  considerable  expense  in  laying  out  the  grounds  in  a  pleasing  and  tasteful  manner. 
His  successor.  Sir  Thomas  Noel  Hill,  also  resided  here,  and  duly  appreciated  its  beauties. 
Tlie  view  in  front  of  the  house  is  grand.  Here  the  river  widens,  and  assumes  the  appear- 
ance of  a  lake,  whose  surface  is  enlivened  by  numerous  merchant-ships  at  anchor,  and  im- 
mense rafts  of  timber  floating  down.  On  leaving  Marolmiont  he  will  pass  some  beautiful 
villas,  whose  park -like  grounds  remind  one  of  England,  and  from  some  points  in  which  are 
commanded  views  worthy  of  a  painter's  study.  Among  these  villas  may  be  mentioned 
Wolfesfiold,  Spencer  Wood,  and  Woodfield.  The  last  was  originally  built  by  the  Catholic 
Bishop  of  Samos,  and,  from  the  several  additions  made  by  subsequent  proprietors,  had  a 
somewhat  irregular,  though  picturesque  appearance.  It  was  burnt  down,  and  rebuilt  in  a 
fine  regular  style.     It  is  now  the  residence  of  James  Gibb,  Esq. 

"  In  tills  neighbourhood  is  situated  Mount  Hermon  Cemetery.  It  is  about  three  miles  from 
Quebec,  on  the  south  side  of  the  St.  Lewis  road,  and  slopes  irregularly  but  beautifidly 
down  the  clitf  which  overhangs  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  thirty-two  acres  in  extent,  and  the 
grounds  were  tastefully  laid  out  by  the  late  Major  Douglass,  U.  S.  Engineers,  whose  taste 
and  skill  had  been  previously  shown  in  the  arrangement  of  Greenwood  Cemetery,  neap 
New  York." 

40 


.it, 


is  to  be  liail. 
ne  the  site  of 

(  spot,  vhere 
and  '36. 
jimry  ia  such 
way  east  of 
ver,  near  the 
'  lier  present 
veil  Buppliecl 

uilding. 

and  Catholic 

ncal  recoUec- 

Gate,  let  the 

citadel;  and 

telle  Towers, 

it  him  ascend 

e  spot  where 

an  clearly  be 

1  a  few  yards 

ved.    Within 

they  brought 

n  the  French 

josition,  as  it 

id  down  the 

ins  from  this 

ench  redoubt 

army  under 

The  troopa 

;her  enjoy  a 

vill  arrive  at 

olm  Harvey, 

eful  manner. 

its  beauties. 

the  appear- 

hor,  and  im- 

me  beautiful 

in  which  are 

mentioned 

the  Catholic 

etors,  had  a 

rebuilt  in  a 

'  miles  from 

beautifully 

;ent,  and  the 

whose  taste 

uetery,  near 


I 


QUEBEC,   LAKE  ST.  CHARLES,   ETC. 

Leaving  this  beautiful  locality,  the  walk  continues  to  the  woods,  on  the  edge  of  the 
banks  rising  from  the  shore. 

The  tourist,  instead  of  returning  by  a  road  conducting  through  a  wood  into  St.  Louis 
Road  for  Quebec,  would  do  better  by  continuing  his  ride  to  the  Church  of  St.  Foy,  from 
which  is  seen  below  the  St.  Charles,  gliding  smoothly  through  a  lovely  valley,  whose  sides 
rise  gradually  to  the  mountains,  and  are  literally  covered  with  habitations  The  villages 
of  Lorette  and  Charlesbourg  are  conspicuous  objects.  Before  entering  the  suburb  of  St 
John,  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Charles  stands  the  General  Hospital,  designed,  as  the  name 
implies,  for  the  disabled  and  sick  of  every  description. 

A  day's  excursion  to  Indian  Lorette  and  Lake  St  Charles  would  gratify,  we  doubt  not, 
many  a  tourist  It  will  be  necessary  to  leave  by  6  o'clock,  a.  m.,  and  to  take  provisions  for 
the  trip.  After  leaving  the  Palace  Gate,  the  site  of  the  former  intendant's  palace  is 
passed.     Mr.  Bigot  was  the  last  intendant  who  resided  in  it 

The  most  pleasant  road  to  Lorette  is  along  the  banks  of  the  St  Charlea  On  arriving  at 
the  village,  the  best  view  is  on  the  opposite  bank.  The  fall  is  in  the  foreground,  and  the 
church  and  village  behind.  The  villagers  claim  to  be  descended  from  those  Hurone,  to 
whom  the  French  monarch,  in  1651,  gave  tlie  seigniory  of  Sillery.  In  the  wars  between 
the  French  and  English,  the  Hurons  contributed  much  to  the  success  of  the  former,  as  they 
were  one  of  the  most  warlike  tribes  among  the  aborigines  of  this  continent  At  present, 
they  are  a  harmless,  quiet  set  of  people,  drawing  only  part  of  their  subsistence  from  fishing 
and  hunting.  A  missionarj"  is  maintained  by  government  for  their  religious  instruction, 
and  the  schoolmaster  belongs  to  the  tribe.  Here  may  be  purchased  bows  and  arrows,  and 
moccasins  very  neatly  ornamented  by  the  squaws. 

On  arriving  at  Lake  St  Charles,  by  embarking  in  a  double  canoe,  the  tourist  will  have 
his  taste  for  picturesque  mountain  scenery  gratified  in  a  high  degree.  The  lake  is  four 
miles  long,  and  one  broad,  and  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  projecting  ledges.  The  lake 
abounds  in  trout,  so  that  the  angling  tourist  may  find  this  spot  doubly  inviting.  On  the 
route  back  to  the  city,  the  village  of  Charlesbourg  is  passed,  it  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  interesting  settlements  in  Canada.  It  has  two  churches,  one  of  which  is  the  centre 
of  the  surrounding  farms,  whence  they  all  radiate.  The  reason  for  this  singular  disposal 
of  the  allotments,  arose  from  the  absolute  necessity  of  creating  a  neighbourhood.  For  this 
purpose,  each  farm  was  permitted  to  occupy  only  a  space  of  three  acres  in  front  by  thirty 
in  depth.  The  population  was  in  these  days  scanty,  and  labourers  were  difficult  to  be  pro- 
cured. By  this  arrangement,  a  road  was  more  equally  kept  up  in  front  of  each  farm,  and 
it  was  the  duty  of  every  proprietor  to  preserve  such  road.  Another  advantage  was  the 
proximity  of  the  church,  whence  the  bell  sounded  the  tocsin  of  alarm,  whenever  hostile 
attempts  were  made  by  the  Indians,  and  where  the  inhabitants  rallied  in  defence  of  their 
ptssessions. 

Within  the  citadel  are  the  various  magazines,  store-houses,  and  other  buildings  required 
for  the  accommodation  of  a  numerous  garrison ;  and  immediately  overhanging  the  precipice 
to  the  south,  in  a  most  picturesque  situation,  looking  perpendicularly  downwards,  on  the 
river,  stands  a  beautiful  row  of  buildings,  containing  the  mess  rooms  and  barracks  for  the 
officers,  their  stables,  and  spacious  kitchens.  The  fortifications,  which  are  continued  round 
the  whole  of  the  Upper  Town,  consist  of  bastions  connected  by  lofty  curtains  of  solid 
masonry,  and  ramparts  from  25  to  35  feet  in  heiglit,  and  about  the  same  in  thickness, 
bristling  with  heavy  cannon,  round  towers,  loophole  walls,  and  massive  gates  recurring  at 
certain  distances.  On  the  summit  of  the  ramparts,  from  Cape  Diamond  to  the  Artillery 
Barracks,  is  a  broad  covered  way,  or  walk,  used  as  a  place  of  recreation  by  the  inhabitants, 
and  commanding  a  most  agreeable  view  of  the  country  towards  the  west  This  passes 
over  the  top  of  St  John's  and  St  Louis  Gate,  where  there  is  stationed  a  sergeant's  guard. 
Above  St  John's  Gate,  there  is  at  sunset  one  of  the  most  beautiful  views  imaginable.  The 
St  Charles  gambolling,  as  it  were,  in  the  rays  of  the  departing  luminary,  the  light  still  lin- 
gering on  the  spires  of  Lorette  and  Charlesbourg,  until  it  fades  away  beyoiid  the  lofty 
mountains  of  Bonhomme  and  Tsounotithuan,  present  un  evening  scene  of  gorgeous  and  sur- 

41 


QUEBEC,   FORTIFICATIONS,   ETC. 

passing  eplendour.  The  city,  being  defended  on  its  land  side  by  its  ramparts,  is  protected 
on  tht)  other  sides  by  a  lofty  wall  and  parapet,  based  on  the  cliflT,  and  comnvencing  near 
the  St.  Charles  at  the  Artillery  Barracks.  These  form  a  very  extensive  range  of  buildings, 
the  part  within  the  Artillery  Gate  being  occupied  as  barracks  by  the  officers  and  men  of 
that  distinguished  corps,  with  a  guard  and  me«3  room.  The  part  without  the  gate  is  used 
as  magazines,  store-houses,  and  offices  for  the  ordnance  department. 

The  circuit  of  the  fortifications,  enclosing  the  Upper  Town,  is  two  miles  and  three-quarters; 
the  total  circumference  outride  the  ditches  and  space  reserved  by  government,  on  which  no 
housci  can  be  built  on  the  west  side,  is  about  3  miles. 

Founded  upon  a  rock,  and  in  its  highest  parts  overlooking  a  great  extent  of  country— 
betwt  en  800  and  400  miles  from  the  ocean — in  the  midst  of  a  great  continent,  and  yet  dis- 
playing fleets  of  foreign  merchantmen  in  its  fine  capacious  bay,  and  showing  all  the  bustle 
of  a  crowded  sea-port — its  streets  narrow,  populous,  and  winding  up  and  down  almost 
mountainous  declivities — situated  in  the  latitude  of  the  finest  parts  of  Europe — exhibiting 
in  its  environs  the  beauty  of  an  European  capital — and  yet,  in  winter,  smarting  with  the 
cold  of  Siberia — governed  by  a  people  of  different  language  and  habits  from  the  mass  of 
the  population— opposed  in  religion,  and  yet  leaving  that  population  without  taxes,  and  ia 
the  full  enjoyment  of  every  privilege,  civil  and  religious.  Such  are  the  prominent  feature! 
which  strike  a  stranger  in  the  City  of  Quebec  I" 

The  stranger  can  have  no  difficulty  in  finding  the  various  places  and  objects  of  interest 
in,  and  around  the  city,  and  by  taking  a  ealeche,  and  making  a  bargain  beforehand,  will 
be  able  tj  see  a  great  deal  in  little  time,  and  at  no  great  cost. 

For  particulars  of  the  Falls  of  Montmorenci,  and  River  Saguenay,  see  following  pages. 

42 


.->*. 


•■iTr-in>ii^BtiiiiiihB1  ifHriiB 


MONTREAL. 


CITY  OF  MONTREAL,  C.  E. 

Tub  stronaer,  on  npproncliing  Montreal,  oUIut  from  Quebec  by  the  stenmer,  or  crossing 
over  from  tlie  opposite  side  of  the  river,  in  coming  from  the  States,  will  at  once  be  im- 
pressed fnvorably  with  the  situation  of  tiie  eity,  the  business-like  appearance  it  presents, 
and  the  pictuieiTpie  scenery  by  which  it  is  surrounded. 

Montreal  is  the  most  populous  city  in  Canada,  and  in  every  respect  must  take  the  first 
rank  in  the  province.  It  is  situated  <m  the  Island  of  Montreal — which  is  represented  as  the 
garden  of  Canada,  beinij  the  richest  soil  in  tlio  province — nt  tlie  head  of  ocean  steamship 
navigation,  and  beyond  which  no  lorge  sailing  vessels  go,  although  Kuialler  vessels  pass  on, 
via  the  canals  and  St.  Lawrence,  to  the  west. 

The  city  is  built  of  a  gray  limestone,  hoving  very  much  the  appearance  of  Aberdeen 
granite,  with  buildings  of  great  solidity  and  excellence  in  design.  The  chief  business  street 
is  that  <tf  Notre  Dame,  wiiilst  Great  St.  James  street  exceeds  it  in  handsome  buildings,  be- 
eides  being  much  broader.     (See  engraving.) 

Tlie  wholesale  stores  are  situated  on  the  wharves  alongside  the  river,  and  streets  running 
parallel  therewith. 

Montreal  is  the  port  at  which  arrives  the  great  bulk  of  the  importations  from  Great 
Britain  and  other  places  abroad,  being  there  either  re-sold  or  transhipped  to  all  parts  of 
Canada  East  and  West ;  consequently  a  large  wholesale  trade  is  carried  on  at  Montreal  in  all 
descriptions  of  goodf^ 

In  the  conglomerate  mass  of  buildings  there  concentrated,  are  stores,  churches,  groceries, 
and  nunneries,  all  intermixed  with  each  other,  whilst  in  the  streets  may  be  seen  the  manu- 
facturer's cart  driving  alongside  of  the  Catholic  priest  in  his  "  brggy,"  the  merchant's  clerk 
hurrying  on  past  a  sister  of  charity  or  nun  at  large,  and  Frenchmen,  Scotchmen,  Germans, 
and  Americans,  all  elbowing  each  other  in  the  busy  streets  of  the  city  par  excellence.  No 
better  sample  of  this  heterogeneous  gathering  is  to  be  seen  than  by  paying  a  visit  to  the 
Rue  Notre  Dame,  or  Bonsecours  Market,  where,  on  a  Saturday  night,  a  mixture  of  English, 
French,  German,  and  broad  Scotch,  will  fall  upon  the  ear  with  peculiar  effect. 

Althov.gh  one  of  the  finest  views  of  the  city  is  obtained  from  off  the  mountain,  undoubt- 
edly the  most  extensive  one  is  to  be  had  from  the  top  of  the  Catholic  cathedral,  in  the  Place 
d'Armes.  By  paying  Is.  stg.  you  will  be  conducted  to  the  top,  and,  if  a  fine  day,  the  view 
is  such  as  will  well  repay  the  ascent. 

There  are  some  very  handsome  churches  in  Montreal.  At  Beaver  Hall,  St  Andrew's 
Church  (Presbyterian),  and  the  Unitarian  Church  there,  form  two  of  the  most  prominent 
in  the  city,  situated  as  they  are  on  a  considerable  elevation,  on  rising  ground.  The  public 
buildings  of  Montreal  are  substantial  and  elegant,  and  consist  of — 


PUBLIC    BUILDINGS. 

The  New  Court  House,  on  Notre  Dame  street,  and  directly  opposite  to  Nelson's  Monu- 
ment, is  of  elegant  cut  stone,  in  the  Grecian  Ionic  style.  The  ground  plan  is  800  feet  by 
125  feet;  height,  76  feet. 

The  New  Post-office,  on  Great  SL  James  street,  is  a  beautiful  cut  stone  building. 

The  Merchants'  Exchange  Reading  Room,  situated  on  St  Sacrament  street. 

The  Mechanics'  Institctis,  a  very  fine  building,  situated  on  Great  St  James  street,  of 
cut  stone,  3  stories  high,  built  in  the  Italian  style.  The  Lecture  Room  is  60  by  80  feet, 
height  18  feet,  neatly  and  tastefully  finished. 

The  Mercantile  Library  Assoclation,  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  opposite  the  above. 

The  Bank  of  Montreal,  Place  d'Armes,  St  James  street,  opposite  the  Cathedral,  an 
elegant  cut  stone  building  of  the  Corinthian  order.     (See  engraving.) 

The  CrrT  Bank,  next  to  the  above,  in  the  Grecian  style,  of  cut  stone  and  worthy  of  note. 

The  Bank  of  British  North  America,  Great  St  James  street,  next  the  Post-oflBce,  is  a 
handsome  building  of  cut  stone,  and  built  in  the  composite  style  of  architecture. 

43 


nectl 

Itl 

uoud 

beini 


MONTREAL — VICTOUIA  BKIDGE. 

TiiK  BoN»BcoUB8  Maiiket.  on  9t  raul  nnd  WittiT  streets,  l*  ii  iimgiiificont  eJihcc-.  (See 
enirriivinjf.) 

The  St.  Ann's  Maikkt,  npposUe  tlie  (Jivy  Nuiitury.     * 

TiiK  GnEY  NiN.NERV  1*  sriliiuteil  on  Foimdliiig  strict,  (lesigntd  for  tho  care  of  foundliiigs 
and  infirm. 

The  Hotel  Diku  Nunnery,  on  St.  JoMpli  nnd  St.  Paul  otrcet?,  designed  for  sick  nnd  dis- 
eased persons. 

The  Convent  ok  the  Sisters  of  the  Sacred  Heart  is  situated  at  St.  Vincent  de  raul, 
9  niik'S  from  Montreal. 

AiADEMY  OK  THE  SisTERs  OK  THE  CoNGREoATioN  OE  NoTRK  Dame,  now  Marin  Villa,  aboiit 
8  miles  from  Alontreal,  wbs  formerly  tlic  residence  of  the  Governor-General. 

The  MgfijLL  Coi.leqe.— This  is  an  iuMitution  of  very  liigli  repute,  founded  liy  tlie  Hon. 
Jnmes  MoGill,  who  lieqnentlied  a  valiiuMe  esUite  nnd  £1(»,(HM)  for  its  endowment.  The 
buildings  fop  the  Faeulty  of  ArU  nre  delightfully  situated  at  the  base  of  the  mountain,  and 
command  an  extensive  view. 

The  Museum  ok  the  Natural  History  or  Montreal,  is  situated  in  Little  St.  Jaiues  street, 
nnd  is  free  to  stran^'ci-s. 

TuE  New  City  Water  AVoiiks. — These  works  tap  the  St.  Lawrence  at  the  Lnehine 
Rapids,  some  6  miles  above  the  city,  nnd  will  cost,  when  fully  completed,  nearly  $l,()0!),(»uo. 
The  2  receiving  reservoirs,  for  supplying  the  city  are  about  2(t()  feet  above  tlie  level  of  the 
river,  and  liold  20,00o,000  gnllons. 

The  Jail. — This  is  a  substantial  stone  building,  surrounded  by  a  high  wall,  and  is  worthy 
of  a  visit.     It  has  recently  been  erected,  at  an  expense  of  $120,0(10. 

TuK  General  HospiTAt,  on  Dorchester  street,  is  a  fine  cut  stone  building,  and  is  one  of 
the  many  prominent  institutions  of  the  cit}'. 

The  St.  Patrick's  Hospital,  nt  the  west  end  of  the  same  street,  is  an  elegant  structure, 
and  occupies  a  commanding  potiition. 

The  Protestant  Oin'iiAN  Asvlim,  situated  in  Catherine  street,  is  a  well-conducted  charity, 
sustained  by  the  benev<dence  of  private  individunls. 

The  Ladies'  Benevolent  Institution,  for  the  relief  of  widows  and  half  orphans,  is  n 
large  three-story  building  in  Berthelot  street  It  is  managed  solely  by  a  committee 
of  ladies. 

Nelson's  Monument,  Jacques  Cartier  square,  Notre  Dame  street.  ''       ■' 

The  Lacuine  CanaI  is  nniong  the  public  works  worthy  of  note. 

Place  d'Armes  is  a  handsome  square,  between  Notre  Dnine  and  Great  St.  James  sti-eets, 
opposite  the  French  Cathedral. 

As  a  place  of  beauty  and  pleasure,  the  ride  from  the  city  to  Mount  Royai  will  nttrnct 
the  traveller  nt  all  times.  The  distance  around  it  is  9  miles,  commanding  one  of  the  finest 
views  of  beautiful  landscape  to  be  found  in  North  America ;  and  in  returning,  entering  the 
city,  a  view  of  the  St  Lawrence  and  of  Montreal,  both  comprehensive  and  extended,  that 
well  repays  the  time  and  expense. 

Mount  Royal  Cb»ietery,  about  2  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  mountain,  is  one  of  the 
places  of  interest  about  the  city  which  many  parties  visit 

The  Champ  de  Mars  is  a  public  parade  ground,  situated  in  Gabriel  street,  off  Notre 
Dame.  In  the  evenings,  sometimes,  the  militniy  bands  play  there,  to  a  large  concourse  of 
the  inhabitants. 


THE   VICTORIA   BRIDGE.  ''^'        ' 

This  gigantic  undertaking  forms  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  wonderful  features  con- 
nected with  the  city,  at  Point  St  Charles. 

It  is  being  built  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  to  form  a  contin- 
uous railroad  communication  with  the  railroads  of  the  United  States,  instead  of  passengers 
being  obliged  to  cross  the  river  in  steamers,  as  nt  present 

The  width  of  the  river  where  the  bridge  is  being  built  is  very  nearly  2  miles. 

45 


i 


/, 


CITY   OF   MONTREAL. 


H 
^    a 


■J 


-t; 

7. 

^ 

■:\ 

V. 

ta 

Id 


BOUTII  ylliK  t)K  (iUK.VT  ST.  .lA.MKS'  8THEKT. 

The  (lr»t  hnililiiii,'  on  left  slile  of  llic  street  Is  theOen- 
criil  l'(»tiilllo — M  )>>•  l(Ht  feet— built  In  llie  Itiilliiti 
style.  The  thlid  building'  In  view  \*  t)iu  lliiiik  of  Kilt- 
Isil  North  .\nierlcii— whieh,  with  the  I'o.ttollii'e,  forms 
two  of  the  llne.1t  Imlliliii),'^  In  the  street.  Still  finther 
on,  in  the  .Meelmnlo.-i'  Library,  11  snbtantliil,  pliilii, 
square  block,  with  an  excellent  reaUlng-rooni,  library, 
iinil  hall  for  lectures,  etc. 


I'r..\rK  D'AUMKH,  ST.  JAMKS'  STIIKKT. 

_  The  hulhllnKwIth  the  heautirul  fluted  columns  of  the 
f'orlnlhlan  oriler,  reprosentfd  above,  Is  the  Dank  of 
Montreal— one  of  the  (Ine.st  buildings  In  the  cltv.  The 
next  l.ulldinK  to  it  Is  the  City  Hunk  of  Mcintrenl, 
111!  establishment  with  a  much  plainer  e.xterlor,  in  tlui 
fireeiati  style.  Still  further  on,  are  some  very  cletfimt 
stores,  with  the  Wesleyim  Chapel  In  the  UUtun'ce,  nuar- 
er  the  far  end  of  the  .street. 


IIONSKCOIIIS    MAKKKT. 

This  is  the  largest,  ami  one  of  the  finest  buildings  In 
the  city.  Krected  at  a  cost  of  4i'2s7,;)m).  Used  as  a 
public  market  for  the  most  part,  where  are  sold  an  ex- 
traordinary (piantlty  of  provisions,  vegetables,  fruit, 
fish,  besides  clothing,  "  Yankee  Notions,"  and  an  om- 
nium fintheriim  of  almost  every  thing  required  for 
domestic  purposes.  One  portion  of  the  building  Is  used 
as  a  police  .station,  as  well  as  ollices  connected  with  the 
municipal  government.  It  is  situated  close  to  the  river 
side    jiuilt  In  the  Grecian-Doric  style  of  architecture. 


47 


IIAY.MAKKKT    AND    IlEAVEU    HALL. 


The  above  view  represents  the  Ilayniarket,  with 
Heaver  Hail  in  the  hack  rising  ground,  which,  in  its 
number  of  handsome  churches,  presents  one  of  the 
tiiu'.st  views  in  the  city — more  particularly  in  summer— 
with  the  mountain  rising  up  behind,  and  filling  \\\t  the 
biickgrouiid  of  the  picture  with  th  ;  luxuriant  foliage  of 
its  shrubliery.  The  church  with  the  highest  spire  in 
the  above  engraving,  is  that  of  St.  Andrew's  (Church 
of  Scotland  I.  The  one  seen  in  the  corner  to  the  right, 
is  a  very  handsome  church,  now  completing  for  the 
Unitarian  congregation. 


«         f 


MONTREAL,   VICTORIA  RRIDOE,   ETC. 

The  current  of  tho  river  it  very  rapid — with  a  depth  of  from  4  to  10  fast,  excepting  in 
the  main  channel,  where  it  it  from  80  to  80  feet  deep. 

In  the  winter,  tlie  ioe  it  formed  Into  a  great  thicknetn,  and  frequently  immonio  pllet 
accumulate — an  high  ai  80  to  40  feet,  Thui  piled  up  in  huge  houldera,  tho  water  ruthea 
through  them  at  a  fearful  rate,  driving  the  block*  of  ice  along,  and  crushing  all  before  them. 

Tlie  bridge  will  coniltt  of  '24  itrong  piert,  ttandlng  242  feet  apart,  excepting  the  centra 
■pan,  which  i«  839  feet  wide.     They  are  all  perpendicular  on  three  >ldet,  and  ilopo  down 
to  the  water-edge  agalnit  the  current,  to  ai  to  withitand  the  force  and  action  of  the  float- 
ing mawes  of  ice,  on  Ita  breaking  up.     Eacli  pier  i«  estimated  to  withstand  the  force  of'  <i«^ 
70,000  tons  of  Ice  at  one  time. 

Resting  on  these  piers,  and  running  from  abutmant  to  abutment,  Is  the  bridge,  which 
eoDsists  of  a  hollow  iron  tube,  22  feet  high,  and  16  faet  wide.  i 

Tlie  centre  span  Is  to  be  SO  feet  abovo  the  average  level  of  the  water,  thenoa  sinking  to- 
wards each  end  1  foot  in  130,  thus  making  the  height  of  the  abutments  about  87  feet. 

The  estimated  cost  is  about  £1,250,000  stg.    Th«  weight  of  th«  iron  in  tho  tubes  will  b« 
8,000  tons,  and  the  contents  of  the  masonry  will  be  about  8,000,000  cubic  feet    The  whole 
will  be  completed  in  the  autumn  of  1860  or  spring  of  1860.    As  is  well  known,  the  engineer    ,. 
of  this  greatest  bridge  in  the  world  is  Mr.  Hubert  Btephenion  of  NewoasUe-upon-Tyne.         0 


48 


■«*•':: 


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a-it'.v.iv  '  , 


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lost-   ^'• 

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irhole 
Ineer 


TRIP  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA. 


MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA,  0.  W. 

Thi8  honiitlfiil  route  may  bo  travermMl  either  hy  rull  from  Montreal  to  I'roiwott  Junction, 
ftcid  tlii'iRf  liy  ruil  to  Ottawa,  ai  iletcrilicd  vlNewlieru;  or  it  may  bo  talieii  by  way  of  rail 
tu  Laehinu,  «teatiicr  from  Ijicliiae  to  Carrillon,  rail  from  Carrilloii  to  ()'-«iiville,  and  (iren- 
?tlk  to  UttAwa  by  steamer  aga\u.  Uy  tliis  route  it  will  be  neen  that  there  are  tevoral 
«)MUigM  to  bo  made,  which  cannot  be  avoided,  ou  account  of  the  rapid*  on  the  river,  which 
osnnot  be  "  run"  by  tlie  atoamer. 

This  route  ii  ono  ro  little  known,  that,  notwithitanding  tlie  diMdvantiiKcH  which  chang- 
ing »o  often  prcHentt,  we  have  thought  it  advl«able  to  give  a  brief  account  of  the  trip  to 
Ottawa,  an  niado  by  ua  latt  June,  addrcMiinjj  ouritelvea  aa  if  the  reader  were  going,  k'ro- 
eeeding  in  cab  or  omnibua  to  (iritfintown — 1^  ndlea  from  i>oat-otilce,  Montreal — yuu 
arrive  and  book  at  the  Lachino  Kallroad  Ue|H>t;  fare  through  to  Ottawa,  Hntt  clasa,  $8; 
second  clnaa,  $%  Strange  to  «ay,  no  baggiigc  ia  "  checked  through,"  on  thia  route  aa  via 
Grand  Trunk  railroad,  or  the  other  lines  in  tlic  United  States. 

Started  on  the  cara,  therefore,  with  a  atring  of  ticketa  to  and  from  the  dllfcrent  points  on 
your  way,  you  aoon  reach  Lachine,  nine  inileit  off.  At  Lachiue  you  change  cant,  and  Htep 
on  board  the  steamer  "  Lady  Simpson"  in  watting,  and  once  under  weigh,  y<iu  get  a  tine 
view  of  the  mighty  St  Lawrence,  with  Lake  St,  Louia  cloae  at  hand. 

Not  long  after  the  ateamer  atarta,  breakfast  will  be  announced,  which  may  be  |iartaken 
of,  If  you  had  not  got  It  before  you  started  from  Montreal.  An  excellent  l)reakrant  for 
1«.  U)i(L  currency,  (1*.  fid.  atg.,)  or  87+  cents.  If  a  tine  morning,  you  will  be  delighted 
with  the  sail,  as  the  steamer  skims  along  the  shore  of  the  Island  of  Montreal,  till  she 
rcac))ea  St,  Anne's,  at  the  extreme  corner  of  that  Island.  At  St.  Anne's,  the  steamer  leavea 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  passes  through  the  locks  there,  and  Is  Mien  on  the  bonom  of  the  Ot- 
tawa, You  will  scarcely  be  able  to  Imagine  it  to  be  a  river ;  In  reality,  it  forms  the  Lake 
of  the  Two  Mountains,  being  one  of  the  numerous  lakea  which  the  Ottawa  may  be  aald 
to  be  a  succession  of. 

At  St  Anne's  you  will  get  an  excellent  view  of  the  substantial  atone  bridge  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  which  here  crosses  the  Ottawa,  and  which  forme  a  striking  contrast  to  the 
mistaken  policy  of  the  railway  companies  in  the  United  States  in  building  so  many 
"  rickety"  wooden  bridges — with  their  warnings  up  of  fines  of  so  much  If  you  trot  a  horse 
over  them — and  which  in  going  over  so  many  accidents  have  occurred.  Here,  possibly, 
you  may  observe,  against  one  of  the  piers  of  this  bridge,  a  portion  of  a  large  raft,  which,  in 
"  running"  the  rapids  last  season,  beeume  unmanageable  and  dashed  up  against  the  bridge 

scattering  the  raft  In  all  directions— to  the  great  loss  of  the  proprietor  of  It     Some  of 

the  logs  may  be  seen  yet,  resting  up  against  the  pier  of  the  bridge,  as  if  trying  to  clear  all 
before  them,  and  the  gigantic  pier  standing  up,  In  its  mighty  strength,  as  if  bidding  them 

float  quietly  past 

St  Anne's  Is  the  spot  where  the  poet  Moore  located  the  scene  of  his  celebrated  Canadian 

Boat  Song. 

CANADIAN  BOAT  SONG. 

BT   THOMAS   MOORB. 

Faintly  as  tolls  the  evening  chime. 

Our  voices  keep  tune  and  our  oars  keep  time ; 

Soon  as  the  woods  on  shore  look  dim, 

We'll  sing  at  St.  Anne's  our  parting  hymn. 
Row,  brothers,  row,  the  stream  runs  faat, 
The  Rapids  are  near,  and  the  daylight's  past 

Why  should  we  yet  our  sail  unfurl? 

There  Is  Ait  a  breath  the  blue  wave  to  curl ; 

But  when  the  wind  blows  off  the  shore, 

Oh  1  sweetly  we'll  rest  our  weury  oar. 

Blow,  breeies,  blow,  the  stream  runs  faat, 
The  Rapids  are  near,  and  the  daylight's  past 

4U 


I 


'•  V 


TRIP   UP  THE   OTTAWA. 


m 


Ottawa's  tide  !  this  trembling  moon 
Shall  see  us  float  over  thy  surges  soon. 
Saint  of  this  green  Isle  !  hear  our  prayers, 
Oh !  grant  us  cool  heavens  and  favoring  airs. 
Blow,  breenes,  blow,  the  stream  runs  fast, 
'  The  Uaplds  are  near,  and  the  daylight's  past. 

Started  from  St.  Anne's  yon  shortly  reach  ii  benutifiil  cxidinsion  of  the  Ottawa — which 
forms  here  what  is  called  The  Lake  of  tiie  Two  Mountains— named  from  the  two  moun- 
tains which  are  seen  to  the  nortii,  rising  four  hundred  to  five  hundred  feet  high. 

After  sailing  a  short  time,  and  with  your  face  to  the  bow  of  the  steamer,  you  will  ob- 
serve, to  the  right,  where  this  great  river — coming  slowly  and  silently  along — is  divided  by 
the  Island  of  Montreal ;  the  one  fork  of  the  river  which  you  observe  to  the  north-east,  wind- 
ing its  way  past  the  island,  after  which  it  makes  its  acquaintance  with  the  St.  Lawrence, 
to  the  north-east  of  Montreal.  The  other  fork,  or  division  on  wliieh  you  have  just  started 
from,  at  St.  Anne's,  meets  the  St.  Lawrence  there ;  altluiugh,  strange  to  say,  the  waters  of 
these  two  immense  rivers — as  if  not  relishing  the  mixture  of  each  other,  and  thus  forming 
one — continue  their  separate  and  undivided  distinctness  for  miles,  till  they  meet  with  such 
rough  treatment,  from  either  torrents,  wind,  or  waves,  tliut  they  join  issue,  and  form  at 
last,  one  immense  river  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  which  the  beautiful  but  niiijestic  Ottawa  is 
swallowed  up. 

In  the  last  report  on  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada,  the  following  remarks  on  the  com- 
ponent parts,  and  other  peculiarities,  of  the  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence  occur : — 

"The  water  of  the  Ottawa,  containing  but  little  more  than  one-third  as  much  solid  mat- 
ter as  the  St.  Lawrence,  is  impregnated  with  a  much  larger  portion  of  organic  matter, 
derived  from  the  decomposition  of  vegetable  remains,  and  a  large  amount  of  alkalies  uncom- 
bined  with  chlorine  or  sulphuric  acid.  Of  the  alkalies  determined  as  chlorids,  the  chlorid 
of  potassium  in  the  Ottawa  water  forms  thirtj'-two  per  cent.,  and  in  that  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
only  sixteen  per  cent.;  while  in  the  former,  the  silicia  equals  thirty-four  per  cent.,  and  in 
the  latter,  twenty-three  per  cent.,  of  the  mineral  matters.  The  Ottawa  drains  a  region  of 
crystalline  rocks,  and  receives  from  these  by  far  the  greater  part  of  its  waters;  hence  the 
salts  of  potash,  liberated  by  the  decomposition  of  these  rocks,  are  in  large  proportion.  The 
extensive  vegetable  decomposition,  evidenced  by  the  organic  matters  dissolved  in  the  water, 
will  also  have  crntributed  a  portion  of  potash.  It  will  be  recollected  that  the  proportion 
of  potash  salts  in  the  chlorids  of  sea-water  and  saline  waters,  generally,  does  not  equal  more 
than  two  or  three  per  cent.  As  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  although  the  basin  of  Lake  Superior, 
in  which  the  river  takes  its  origin,  is  surrounded  by  ancient  sandstones,  and  by  crystalline 
rocks,  it  afterwards  flows  through  lakes  whose  basins  are  composed  of  palieozoic  strata, 
which  abound  in  limestones  rich  in  gypsum  and  salt,  and  these  rocks  have  given  the  waters 
of  this  river  that  predominance  of  soda,  chlorine,  and  suljihuric  acid  which  distinguishes  it 
from  the  Ottawa.  It  is  an  interesting  geographical  feature  of  these  two  rivers,  that  they 
eaeli  pass  through  a  series  of  great  lakes,  in  which  the  waters  are  enabled  to  deposit  their 
susjiendcd  impurities,  and  thus  are  rendered  remarkably  clear  and  transparent." 

The  two  rivers  thus  not  mixing  at  once,  is  owing,  we  presume,  to  the  specific  gravity  of 
the  one  being  much  heavier  than  that  of  the  other.  The  two  are  distinctly  seen  flowing 
down  together,  by  the  difl^jrence  in  their  color. 

T'-e  lake  you  are  now  upon — if  a  fine  morning,  and  in  summer — will  be  as  calm  as  a  mill- 
pond,  and,  with  its  wooded  islands,  and  nicely-wooded  country  round  about,  forms  a  scene 
of  the  finest  character.  Each  turn  the  steamer  takes,  it  opens  up  with  it  new  beauties. 
Sometimes,  however,  the  lake,  now  so  placid  and  beautiful  to  look  upon,  is  raised  like  a 
raging  sea,  rendering  its  navigation  not  so  easy,  as  many  a  poor  raftsman  has  found  to  his 
cost,  whilst  navigating  his  treasure  of  lumber  to  Quebec  or  Lachine.  You  may,  possibly, 
see  some  of  these  rafts  of  lumber  as  you  pass  along.  Nowhere  in  the  whole  of  Ameiiea, 
we  believe,  will  you  see  such  magnificent  and  valuable  rafts  of  lumber  as  on  the  Ottawa. 
The  rafts  on  the  Delaware,  Ohio,  and  Mississippi,  which  we  have  seen,  are  nothing  to  com- 

50 


TRIP  UP  THE  OTTAWA. 


■-m:. 


ivity  of 
lowing 

I  a  mill- 
la  scene 
leauties. 
liiie  a 
to  his 
lossibly, 
Imenca, 
)ttawa. 
Ito  com- 


pare to  them — either  in  size  or  in  the  value  of  the  wood  of  which  they  are  composed. 

Passing  onwards  on  the  lake,  you  will  observe  The  Indian  Village,  at  the  base  of  the 
Two  Mountains.     There  reside  the  remnants  of  two  tribes,  the  Iroquois  and  Algonquins, 

On  the  sandy  soil  behind  the  village,  the  Indians  have  their  games,  foot  races,  etc.,  etc. 

After  passing  there,  the  steamer  will  probably  stop  at  Vaudreul,  at  the  head  of  the  Lake 
of  the  Two  Mountains.  Proceeding  on  from  there,  the  steamer  will  steer  for  Point  Anglais, 
(English  Point,)  and  from  there  cross  over  to  the  settlement  of  Regabd,  and  a  hill  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  river  Le  Graisse. 

After  enjoying  the  beauties  of  the  scene  on  every  side,  you  will  shortly  find  yourself  at 
Carrillon.  Opposite  Carrillon  is  situated  Point  Fortune,  the  station  which  leads  per  stage 
to  tlie  Caledonia  Springs,  unless  passengers  wish  to  go  there  from  L'Original,  which 
you  will  reach,  by-and-by,  by  taking  the  cars  at  Carrillon,  the  point  you  have  now 
reached. 

At  Carrillon  you  will  leave  the  steamer,  walk  up  to  the  train  which  is  in  readiness  to 
convey  you  from  there  to  Grenville.  On  alighting  from  the  steamer,  look  after  your  bag- 
gage— see  it  placed  on  the  cart  which  is  to  convey  it  from  there  to  the  train — and  then  see 
it  placed  on  tlie  Irain. 

You  will  have  a  few  minutes  to  wait  at  Carrillon.  during  which  time  you  can  be  survey- 
ing the  beauties  of  the  scene  around  you — and  get  a  peep  of  the  rapids  which  here  pass 
from  Grenville  to  Carrillon,  where  you  are. 

"All  aboard,"  as  the  conductor  says;  the  bell  on  the  engine  rings,  and  you  are  on  the 
high  road  to  Grenville. 

Tliis  road  passes  through  farms  in  all  stnges  of  clearing — the  numerous  shanties  betoken- 
ing that  they  are  held  by  their  original  proprietors,  who  are  struggling  to  see  them  all 
cleared  some  day,  and  present  a  very  different  scene  from  what  they  do  at  present.  Pass- 
ing through,  therefore — dismal  enough  swamp — some  good  land — farms  cleared  and  un- 
cleared— you  arrive  at  Cliatham  Station  (C.  E).  You  will  remember  that  you  are  now  in 
Canada  Eost — the  other  side  of  the  River  Ottawa,  all  the  way  up,  nearly  to  its  source,  being 
Canada  West;  you,  no  doubt,  are  aware  that  Canada  East  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  French 
Canadians,  (Roman  Catholics,)  and  Canada  West  "chiefly  by  British,  or  descendants  of 
such,  (and  mostly  Protestants,)  the  Scotch  people  forming  a  large  portion  of  the  population 
in  Canada  West.  Passing  Chatham  Station — and  a  good  many  cleared  farms  in  its  neighbor- 
hood— you  shortly  reach  Grenville,  where  the  train  stops,  and  you  take  the  steamer 
"  PlKunix."    Here  again  look  after  your  baggage,  and  see  it  on  board. 

At  Grenville,  you  cannot  fail  to  be  forcibly  struck  with  the  beauty  of  the  scenery  now 
disclosed  to  your  view.  Not  being  of  a  poetical  disposition,  we  regret  our  inability  to  do 
it  that  justice,  in  our  description  of  it,  to  which  it  is  entitled.  From  this  point,  the  steamer 
turns  round,  to  stort  on  towards  Ottawa,  58  miles  off  (6|  hours).  To  our  mind,  this  is  the 
finest  sci!ne  on  the  whole  trip.  The  Ottawa  here  forms  a  sort  of  bay,  with  exquisitely 
beautiful  scenery  all  round  it — on  one  side  a  range  of  hills,  stretching  along  as  far  as  the 
eye  can  carry,  wooded  to  their  tops.  The  scenery  reminds  us  of  the  vicinity  of  Ellen's  Isle, 
on  Loch  Katrine,  (Scot.,)  only,  tliat  on  the  Ottawa,  at  this  point,  the  hills  are  wooded — 
whilst  those  of  the  Scottish  lake  are  barren — or  covered  only  with  pasture  and  heather. 

Passing  on  from  this  charming  point  of  view,  the  steamer  now  goes  direct  up  the  river 
for  Ottawa  City,  making  several  stops  by  the  way :  the  first  is  Ilartwick's  old  landing,  next, 
L'Origiinil,  with  its  excellent  pier,  and  pretty,  quiet  little  town  in  the  distance. 

Proceeding  on,  you  will  pass,  on  the  right  hand  or  north  side  of  the  river,  the  lands  of 
the  Papineau  Seigniory,  belonging  to  L.  J.  Papineau,  of  1837  Canadian  rebellion  notoriety. 
This  gentleman,  we  believe,  still  strongly  adheres  to  his  republican  opinions,  and  is  not  a 
member  in  the  Canadian  legislature,  at  jn-esent.  Before  the  rebellion  alluded  to,  Mr.  Papi- 
neau held  the  ofiice  of  Speaker,  and  at  the  time  of  the  rebellion,  it  is  said  government  was 
due  him  about  $4,000,  which,  on  the  restoration  of  peace,  etc.,  he  received  on  his  return 
from  exile,  notwithstanding  that  he  had  been  one  of  the  leaders  in  that  movement,  in  1837. 

51 


TRIP  UP  THE  OTTAWA. 


The  seigniory  extends  for  ab--  it  15  miles,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  poorest  in  Canada. 
As  you  puss  on,  you  will  observe  the  beautiful  range  of  hills,  to  the  north,  which,  from  the 
different  sizes  and  shapes  they  assume,  present,  with  their  shrubbery,  a  beautiful  fringe 
work,  to  the  scene  uU  around.  These  hills  form  part  of  the  chain,  which  range  from 
Labrador,  all  the  way  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 

Passing  the  stopping  point  of  Montebello,  you  will  observe  Mr.  Papineau's  residence, 
embosomed  amongst  trees  and  shrubbery  of  beautiful  foliage.   It  is  called  Papineau's  Castle 

Cape  St.  Marie,     At  this  point,  the  steamer  turns  to  the  left,  leaving  the  hills  referred 

to,  behind  you.  From  Mr.  Papineau's  house,  a  most  magnificent  view  of  the  river,  and 
surrounding  country,  must  be  had — occupying  so  prominent  a  position,  at  the  bend  of  the 
river,  which  there  forms  a  sort  of  bay. 

Proceeding  on,  you  will  now  observe  that  the  scenery  assumes  rather  a  different  aspect, 
but  still  beautiful  in  its  character.  You  sail  past  little  islands  wooded  all  over,  and  on  be- 
tween the  banks  of  the  river — which  in  some  places  become  very  flat,  with  the  river  ex- 
tending in  amongst  the  forest.  At  a  more  advanced  season  of  the  year,  the  river  is  lower, 
consequently,  much  of  the  water  previously  spread  over  a  great  portion  of  the  country,  re- 
cedes during  the  summer  months,  and  before  the  winter  season  sets  in,  a  heavy  crop  of 
hay  is  reaped.  For  nearly  eight  months  in  the  year,  however,  the  ground  is  thus  covered 
with  the  swelling  of  the  river,  and  of  course  only  fit  for  cultivation  during  the  hot  season 
of  about  four  months'  duration. 

You  are  now  approaching  to  a  place  about  twenty-eight  miles  of  Ottawa — called  Thurso 
— which  presents  nothing  particular  but  an  immense  yard  full  of  sawn  lumber,  belonging 
to  the  greatest  lumbering  establishment  in  the  woi-ld — Pollok,  Gilmour  <fe  Co.,  of  Glasgow, 
(Scotland,)  being  one  of  the  many  stations  which  that  firm  have  in  Canada,  for  carrying  on 
their  immense  trade.  From  off  immense  tracts  of  land,  which  they  hold  from  government 
for  a  mere  trifle — situated  in  different  districts  on  tiie  Ottawa — they  have  the  lumber 
brought  to  wharves  on  the  river,  made  into  rafts  and  then  floated  down ;  that  intended  for 
the  ports  on  the  St  Lawrence  and  United  SUites,  to  the  west  of  Montreal,  going  via  La- 
chine,  whilst  the  greater  proportion  goes  via  the  route  you  have  been  travelling — over  the 
rapids  and  down  to  Lake  St  Peter's,  on  the  St  Lawrence,  till  it  finally  reaches  Quebec, 
There  it  is  sold  or  shipped  by  them  to  ports  in  Great  Britain,  large  quantities  of  it  finding 
its  way  to  the  Clyde  (Scotland).  Opposite  to  Thurso,  will  be  observed  what  is  called 
Foxe's  Point,  An  English  family  of  that  name  have  settled  there,  and  to  this  day  they 
appear  not  to  have  forgot  their  taste  for  neat,  well-trimmed  grounds,  fences,  etc.,  exhibit- 
ing many  of  the  characteristics  of  an  Englisliman's  home.  Passing  on,  you  next  stop  at 
probably  the  wharf  for  Buckingham,  (C.  E.,)  17  miles  inland.  Opposite  to  this  landing  ia 
Cumberland,  (C,  W.);  passing  which,  you  will  shortly  reach  Gill's  wharf,  6  miles  from  Ot- 
tawa, and  the  last  stopping-place  previous  to  reaching  there. 

In  half  an  hour  or  so,  you  will  observe  the  bluffs  of  Ottawa  in  the  distance,  but  no  ap- 
pearance of  the  city,  it  being  situated  on  ground  high  above  the  level  of  the  river,  where 
you  land  at  To  the  left  you  will  notice  the  beautiful  little  waterfall  of  the  Rideau — a 
Niagara  in  miniature — with  its  Goat  Island  between  the  horse  shoe  and  straight  line  fall. 
It  falls  about  30  feet,  and  forms  one  of  the  prettiest  little  falls  to  be  seen  almost  anywhere. 
On  the  right  hand,  you  will  observe  a  cluster  of  wooden  shanties,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Gatineau,  which  there  joins  the  Ottawa,  and,  as  you  stand  admiring  the  beauty  of  the 
scenery  before,  behind,  and  around  you,  the  steamer  touches  at  the  wharf  of  Ottawa  City. 
From  the  deck  of  the  steamer,  you  will  have  an  excellent  view  of  the  suspension  bridge 
and  the  Ghauderie  Falls  in  the  distance,  with  the  rapids  and  the  falls,  throwing  up  the 
spray  all  around,  forming  a  white  cloud  over  the  bridge.  At  the  wharf  you  will  find 
vehicles  waiting  to  convey  you  to  any  hotel  or  address  you  may  wish  to  go  to.  On  reacli- 
ing  the  top  of  the  steep  incline  from  the  steamer,  you  will  then  obtain  a  first  sight,  per- 
haps, of  Ottawa  City,  which  was  to  have  been  the  seat  of  the  Canadian  Government — and 
which  may  be  yet— should  the  whim  or  interest  of  the  members  of  the  provincial  parlia- 
ment not  decree  otherwise. 

62 


TRIP  UP  THE  OTTAWA. 


Tlie  steamer  "  Lady  Simpson,"  from  Lachine  to  Grenville,  is  partly  owned  by  its  captain— 
Shcppard. 

The  steamer  "  Phoenix" — on  board  whieh  you  will  find  an  excellent  dinner  for  fifty  cents, 
(2«.  Btg.,) — is  commanded  by  a  very  civil  and  obliging  Scotchman  named  McLachlan — who 
will  be  glad  to  point  out  to  you  the  beauties  of  the  river.  From  Grenville  to  Ottawa — a 
French-Canadian  pilot  takes  charge  of  the  steering  of  the  vessel. 

Parties  who  go  to  Ottawa  City — by  rail,  via  Prescott — as  described  elsewhere,  can  return 
from  Ottawa  by  the  route  now  de8cril)ed,  and  we  have  no  doubt  they  will  be  pleased  with 
one  of  the  finest  river  trips  we  have  experienced  in  America.  The  scenery  of  the  Ottawa, 
just  described,  is  by  no  means  so  bold  in  charncter  as  that  of  the  noble  river  Hudson,  from 
New  York  to  Albany  and  Troy — still,  it  is  one  which  cannot  fail  to  afford  the  highest  satis- 
faction to  the  tourist. 

For  bolder  scenery,  and  the  highlands  of  the  Ottawa — see  next  page  for  account  of 
the  Upper  Ottawa — being  a  continuation  of  the  same  river  from  Ottawa — awaj-  north-west 
— extending  to  parts  as  yet  untrod  by  few,  if  any,  white  men — far  less  by  tourists. 


ap- 
lere 

|i — a 
ffall. 
lere. 
river 
the 
3ity. 
[idge 
the 
[find 
baclv- 
per- 
-and 
[irlia- 


MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA,  0.  W. 

VIA   GRAND  TRUNK   RAILROAD. 

Take  the  cars  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  from  station  in  Grifiin  Town,  1^  miles  from 
post-oftioe,  Montreal.  Started  from  the  station,  you  proceed,  getting  a  fine  view  of  the  St. 
Lawi-ence  on  the  left,  the  mountain  on  the  right,  and  the  fine  landscape  stretching  beyond, 
till  you  reach  Point  Claire — 15  miles.  Leaving  there,  you  proceed  on  through  a  beautiful 
country  till  you  reach  the  magnificent  bridge  which  crosses  the  river  Ottawa  at  St.  Anne's, 
going  over  which  you  get  a  hasty  glance  of  the  Ottawa  stretching  far  beyond  to  the  west, 
assuming  the  appearance  of  a  magnificent  lake,  situated  in  a  basin,  surrounded  by  finely- 
wooded  hills  in  the  background,  andr  ichly-wooded  country  on  every  side  of  it.  Immedi- 
ately under  this  bridge  you  may  observe  the  rapids  rushing  along,  and  also  the  locks 
whore  tlie  ste'.mer  for  the  Ottawa  River,  from  Lachine,  passes  through  to  avoid  these 
—called  "St.  Anne's  rapids" — from  the  name  of  tlie  village  close  by. 

You  jiass  on  to  Vaudreuil,  24  miles;  Cedars,  29  miles;  Coteau  Landing,  37  miles;  River 
Boa'.deite,  44  miles;  Lancaster,  54  miles;  Summerstown,  60  miles;  Cornwall,  68  miles; 
Idoulinette,  73  miles;  Dickinson  Landing,  77  miles;  Aultsville,  84  miles;  Williamsburg, 
92  miles;  Matilda,  99  miles;  Edwardsburg,  104  miles,  to  Prescott  Junction,  112  miles  from 
Montreal. 

At  Prescott  Junction,  you  change  cars,  and  take  those  on  the  line  from  Prescott  to  Ottawa, 
54  miles  distant,  stopping  at  eight  stations  between  these  points.  The  stranger,  if 
newlj'  arrived,  either  via  Quebec,  or  Xew  York,  from  Great  Britain,  or  continent  of  Eu- 
rope, will,  on  this  line,  get  the  first  glimpse,  most  likely,  of  "  bush  life,"  of  "  shanties,"  and 
"  cleared,"  or  "  partially  cleared"  lands.  The  line  being  a  succession  of  dense  forest, 
swamp,  and  partially  cleared  farms,  presents  few  or  no  interesting  features  to  the  tourist 
farther  than  those  mentioned.  Between  the  last  station  (Gloucester)  and  Ottawa  (11 
miles  off)  tiie  country  presents  a  much  more  cleared  appearance,  and  a  few  well-cultivated 
farms  will  be  seen  along  the  line  of  railrotid,  until  it  arrives  at  the  station,  close  to  New 
Edinburgh,  on  the  one  side  of  the  Rideau  River,  with  Ottawa  on  the  other  side,  about  a 
q\iarter  of  a  mile  off. 

You  will  find  vehicles  in  waiting,  whii'h  will  convey  yourself  and  luggage  to  whatever 
hotel  you  please.     Campbell's  Hotel,  Ottawa,  we  can  recommend. 

For  description  of  Ottawa,  see  elsewhere. 

After  you  have  visited  Ottawa,  its  river  above  the  town,  etc.,  etc.,  you  can  return  to 
Montreal,  via  steamer  on  the  River  Ottawa,  via  Grenville,  Lachine,  etc.,  (see  Montreal  to 
Ottawa,  via  Lachine  and  steamer,)  or  the  way  you  came. 

53 


THE  UPPER  OTTAWA  AND  TRIBUTARIES. 


UNITED  STATES  TO  OTTAWA,  C.  W. 

PnEscoTT  Junction,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  112  miles  from  Montreal,  is  the  nearest 
point  for  tourists  and  emigrants  from  the  United  States.  , 

Prescott  is  approaclied  by  steamer  from  Ogdensburg,  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Or  via  rail  to  Cape  Vincent,  thence  steamer  to  Kingston,  and  rail  to  Prescott. 

Or  via  steamer  all  the  way,  viz.,  Cape  Vincent,  passing  through  the  Thousand  Islands, 
past  Brockville  on  to  Prescott. 

Or  via  steamer  to  Brockville,  thence  rail  to  Prescott  Junction. 

From  Prescott  to  Ottawa  proceed  per  rail,  as  mentioned  in  preceding  route.  See  "  Mon- 
treal to  Ottawa,"  per  Grand  Trunk  Railroad. 

From  Suspension  Bridge  or  Niagara  Falls,  per  Great  Western  Rail  to  Toronto,  and  thenc« 
Grand  Ti  unk  Roilroad  to  Prescott  Junction ;  thence,  rail.  Or  steamer  from  Lewiston  or  Nia- 
gara to  Toronto,  and  thence  steamer  on  Canada  side,  or  by  the  American  line  of  steamers 
from  Lewiston  and  Niagora  direct  to  Brockville  or  Ogdensburg. 


THE  UPPER  RIVER  OTTAWA. 

A  DESCRIPTION  of  the  lower  portion  of  the  Ottawa  we  have  given  elsewhere,  in  a  trip 
from  Montreal  to  Ottawa,  leaving  the  river  on  reaching  the  town  of  Ottawa. 

For  an  authentic  description  of  the  upper  portion  of  this  wonderful  river,  we  annex  par- 
ticulars regarding  it,  from  a  report  made  to  the  House  of  Assembly,  some  time  ago.  The 
description  of  the  river  which  follows,  commences  at  the  source  of  the  river,  and  proceeds 
on  towards  Ottawa,  till  it  reaches  the  point  we  left  off  at : 

The  length  of  the  course  of  the  Ottawa  River  is  about  780  miles.  From  its  source  it 
bends  in  a  south-west  course,  and  after  receiving  several  tributaries  from  the  height  of 
land  separating  its  waters  from  the  Hudson's  Bay,  it  enters  Lake  Temiscaming.  From  its 
entrance  into  this  lake  downward  the  course  of  the  Ottawa  has  been  surveyed,  and  is  well 
known. 

At  the  head  of  the  lake  the  Blanch  River  falls  in,  coming  about  90  miles  from  the  north. 
Thirty-four  mileii  farther  down  the  lake  it  receives  the  Montreal  River,  coming  120  milea 
from  the  north-west  Six  miles  lower  down  on  the  east,  or  Lower  Canada  bank,  it  re- 
ceives the  Keepawasippi,  a  large  river,  which  has  its  origin  in  a  lake  of  great  size,  hither- 
to but  partially  explored,  and  known  as  Lake  Keepawa.  This  lake  is  connected  with  an- 
other chain  of  irregularly-shaped  lakes,  from  one  of  which  proceeds  the  River  du  Moine, 
which  enters  the  Ottawa  about  100  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Keepawasippi,  the 
double  discharge  from  the  same  chain  of  lakes  in  opposite  directions,  presents  a  phenom- 
enon similar  to  the  connection  between  the  Orinoco  and  Rio  Negro  in  South  America. 

From  the  Long  Sault  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Temiscaming,  233  miles  above  Bytown,  and 
360  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ottawa,  down  to  Deux  Joachim  Rapids,  at  the  head  of 
the  Deep  River,  that  is  for  89  miles,  the  Ottawa,  with  tlie  exception  of  17  miles  below  the 
Long  Sault,  and  some  other  intervals,  is  not  at  present  navigable,  except  for  canoes.  Be- 
sides other  tributaries  in  the  interval,  at  197  miles  from  Ottawa,  it  receives  on  the  west 
side  the  Mattawan,  which  is  the  highway  for  canoes  going  to  Lake  Huron,  by  Lake  Nipis- 
sing.  From  the  Mottawan  the  Ottawa  flows  east  by  south  to  the  head  of  Deep  River 
Reach,  9  miles  above  which  it  receives  the  River  Du  Moine  frou'  the  north. 

From  the  head  of  Deep  River — as  this  part  of  the  Ottawa  is  called — to  the  foot  of  Upper 
Allumette  Lake,  2  miles  below  the  village  of  Pembroke,  is  an  uninterrupted  reach  of  navi- 
gable water,  43  miles  in  length.  The  general  direction  of  the  river,  in  this  part,  is  south- 
east. The  mountains  along  the  north  side  of  Deep  River  are  upwards  of  1000 /e«<  in 
height,  and  the  many  wooded  islands  of  Allumette  Lake  render  the  scenery  of  this  part  of 
the  Ottawa  magnificent  and  picturesque — even  said  to  surpass  the  celebrated  Lake  of  th« 
Thousand  Islands  on  the  St  Lawrence. 

54 


sea- 

you 
the 


or  sa 

gulf 

look! 

theh 

and 

and  I 


THE  UPPER  OTTAWA— AND  RIVER  SAGUENAY. 

Passing  the  short  rapid  of  Allumettes,  and  turning  northward,  round  the  lower  end  ol 
Allumettes  Island,  which  ia  14  miles  long,  and  8  at  its  greatest  width,  and  turning  down 
south-east  through  Coulonge  Lake,  and  passing  behind  the  nearly  sinailar  Islands  of  Calu- 
met, to  the  head  of  the  Calumet  Falls,  the  Ottawa  presents,  with  the  exception  of  one 
■light  rapid,  a  reach  of  60  miles  of  navigable  water.  Tlie  mountains  on  the  north  side  of 
Coulonge'Lake,  which  rise  apparently  to  the  heiglit  of  1500  feet,  add  a  degree  of  grandeur 
to  the  scenery,  which  is,  in  other  respects,  beautiful  and  varied.  In  the  Upper  AUumettea 
Lake,  1600  miles  from  Ottawa,  the  river  receives  from  the  west  the  Petawawee,  one  of  its 
largest  tributaries.  This  river  is  140  miles  in  length,  and  drains  an  area  of  2,200  square 
miles.  At  Pembroke,  9  miles  lower  down  on  the  same  side,  an  inferior  stream,  the  Indian 
River,  also  empties  itself  into  the  Ottawa. 

At  the  head  of  Lake  Coulonge,  the  Ottawa  receives  from  the  north  the  Black  River,  180 
miles  in  length,  draining  an  area  of  1120  miles;  and  9  miles  lower,  on  the  same  side,  the 
River  Coulonge,  which  is  probably  160  miles  in  length,  with  a  valley  of  1800  square 
miles. 

From  the  head  of  the  Calumet  Falls,  to  Portage  du  Fort,  the  head  of  the  steamboat  nav- 
igation, a  distance  of  80  miles,  are  iapassible  rapids.  Fifty  miles  above  the  city  the  Otta- 
wa receives  on  the  west  the  Bonechere,  110  miles  in  length,  draining  an  area  of  980 
miles.  Eleven  miles  lower,  it  receives  the  Madawaska,  one  of  its  greatest  feeders,  a  river 
210  miles  in  length,  and  draining  4,100  square  miles. 

Thirty-seven  miles  above  Ottawa,  there  is  an  interruption  in  the  navigation,  caused  by 
8  miles  of  rapids  and  falls,  to  pass  which  a  railroad  has  been  made.  At  the  foot  of  the 
rapids,  the  Ottawa  divides  among  islands. 

Six  miles  above  Ottawa  begins  the  rapids,  terminating  in  the  Chaudidre  Falls,  Ottawa. 

The  greatest  height  of  the  Chaudi^re  Falls  is  about  40  feet 


TRIP  TO  THE  RIVER  SAGUENAY. 

For  about  f  12,  a  trip  can  be  enjoyed  to  and  from  one  of  the  most  magnificent  districts  in 
Canada — where  nature  appears  in  all  her  wild  and  secluded  grandeur. 

Tourists  take  the  steamer  from  Quebec,  which  sails  generally  every  Wednesday. 

To  quote  from  one  who  visited  this  district,  "  You  leave  in  the  morning,  and  passing 
down  the  St.  Lawrence,  put  in  at  several  places  for  passengers,  which  gives  an  opportunity 
of  seeing  the  habitans,  and  the  old-foshioned  French  settlements  of  St.  Thomas,  River 
Quelle,  Eamouraska,  and  many  others,  together  with  Orleans  Island,  Crane  Island,  Goose 
Island,  and  the  Pilgrims.  The  north  and  south  shores  of  the  river  are  thickly  studded  with 
parish  churches,  having  spires  of  tin  which  glitter  in  the  sun  like  shining  silver ;  these,  and 
the  whitewashed  farm-houses,  form  two  objects  characteristic  of  Lower  Canada.  By  sunset 
you  arrive  at  River  du  Loup.  The  water  is  quite  salt,  and  the  river,  expanding  to  the 
breadth  of  20  miles,  gives  it  the  appearance  of  an  open  sea;  and  it  is  much  frequented  as  a 
sea-bathing  place. 

"  Here  you  remain  all  night  on  board,  so  as  to  be  ready  for  an  early  start  at  dawn,  when 
you  stretch  across  for  the  north  shore,  steering  for  a  great  gap  in  the  mountains.  This  is 
the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay,  one  of  the  most  singular  rivers  in  the  world ;  not  a  common 
river,  with  undulating  banks  and  shelving  shores,  and  populous  villages:  not  a  river  pre- 
cipitous on  one  side,  and  rolling  land  on  the  other,  formed  by  the  washing  away  of  the 
mountains  for  ages :  this  is  not  a  river  of  that  description.  It  is  perfectly  straight,  with  a 
sheer  precipice  on  each  side,  without  any  windings,  or  projecting  bluffs,  or  sloping  banks, 
or  sandy  shores.  It  is  as  if  the  mountain  range  had  been  cleft  asunder,  leaving  a  horrid 
gulf  of  60  miles  in  length,  and  4000  feet  in  depth,  through  the  grey  mica-schist,  and  still 
looking  new  and  fresh.  1600  feet  of  this  is  perpendicular  cliff,  often  too  steep  and  solid  for 
the  hemlock  or  dwarf  oak  to  find  root ;  in  which  case,  being  covered  with  coloured  lichena 
and  moss,  these  fi-esh-looking  fractures  often  look,  in  siiape  and  colour,  like  painted  fans, 
and  are  called  the  Pictured  Rocks.   But  those  parts,  more  slanting,  are  thickly  covered  with 

66 


RIVER  SAGUENAY. 

Btunted  trees,  spruce  and  maple,  and  1)ircl\,  growing  wherever  they  can  find  crevices  to 
extrnct  nourishment:  and  the  bare  roots  of  the  oalt,  grasping  the  rock,  have  a  resemblance 
to  gigantic  claws.  Tlie  base  of  these  cliffs  lie  far  under  water,  to  an  unknown  depth.  For 
many  miles  from  its  mouth,  no  soundings  havo  been  obtained  with  2000  feet  of  line,  and  for 
the  entire  distance  of  60  miles,  until  you  reach  Ha-ha  Hay,  the  largest  ships  can  sail  with- 
out obstruction  from  banks  or  shoals,  and  on  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  bay,  can  drop 
their  anchor  in  30  fathoms, 

"  The  view  up  this  river  is  singular  in  many  respects;  hour  after  hour,  as  you  sail  along, 
precipice  after  precipice  unfolds  itself  to  view,  as  in  a  moving  panorama,  and  vou  some- 
times forget  the  size  and  height  of  the  objects  you  are  contemplating,  until  reminded  by 
seeing  a  ship  of  1000  tons  lying  like  a  small  pinnace  under  the  towering  cliff  to  which  she 
is  moored ;  for,  even  in  these  remote  and  desolate  regions,  industry  is  at  work,  and,  although 
you  cannot  much  discern  it,  saw-mills  have  been  built  on  some  of  the  tributary  streams 
which  fall  into  the  Saguenay.  But  what  strikes  ono  most,  is  the  absence  of  beach  or  strand ; 
for  except  in  a  few  places  where  mountain  torrents,  rushing  through  gloomy  ravines,  have 
washed  down  the  detritus  of,  the  hills,  and  formed  some  alluvial  land  at  the  mouth,  no 
coves,  nor  creeks,  nor  projecting  rocks  are  seen  in  vhieh  a  boat  could  find  shelter,  or  any 
footing  be  obtained.  The  characteristic  is  a  steep  wall  of  rock,  rising  abruptly  from  tho 
water — a  dark  and  desolate  region,  where  all  is  cold  and  gloomy ;  the  mountains  hidden 
with  driving  mist,  the  water  black  as  ink,  and  cold  as  ice.  No  ducks  nor  sea-gulls  sitting 
on  the  water,  or  screaming  for  their  prey ;  no  '  vwks  nor  eagles  soaring  overhead,  although 
there  is  abundance  of  what  might  be  called  .^agle  Cliffs ;'  no  deer  coming  down  to  drink 
at  the  streams ;  no  squirrels  nor  birds  to  be  seen  among  the  trees ;  no  fly  on  the  water,  nor 
swallow  skimming  over  the  surface.     It  reminds  you  of 

'  That  lake  whose  gloomy  shore 
iiky-lark  never  warbled  o'er.' 


».-*» 


One  living  thing  you  may  see,  but  it  is  a  cold-blooded  animal ;  you  may  see  the  cold  seal, 
spreading  himself  upon  his  clammy  rock,  watching  for  his  prey.  And  this  is  all  you  see 
for  the  first  20  miles,  save  the  ancient  settlement  of  Tadousac  at  the  entrance,  and  the 
pretty  cove  of  L'Ance  a  I'Eau,  which  is  a  fishing  station. 

"Now  you  reach  Cape  Eternit6,  Cape  Trinit6,  and  many  other  overhanging  cliffs, 
remarkable  for  having  such  clean  fractures,  seldom  equalled  for  boldness  and  effect,  which 
create  constant  apprehensions  of  danj,ar,  even  in  a  calm ;  but  if  you  happen  to  be  caught  in 
a  thunder-storm,  the  roar,  and  darkness,  and  flashes  of  lightning  are  perfectly  appalling. 
At  last  you  terminate  your  voyage  at  Ha-ha  Bay,  that  is,  smiling  or  laughing  bay  in  the 
Indian  language,  for  ycu  are  perfectly  charmed  and  relieved  to  arrive  at  a  beautiful  spot 
where  you  have  sloping  banks,  a  pebbly  shore,  boats  and  wherries,  and  vessels  riding  at 
anchor,  birds  and  animals,  a  village,  a  church,  French  Canadians  and  Scottish  Highlanders, 
and  in  short,  there  is  nothing  can  remind  one  more  of  a  scene  in  Argyleshire. 

"The  day  is  now  half  spent;  you  have  been  ashore,  looking  through  the  village,  examin- 
ing into  the  nature  of  what  appears  a  very  thriving  settlement;  the  inhabitants  seem  to  be 
all  French  and  Scotch,  understnnding  each  other's  language,  and  living  in  perfect  amity. 
You  hear  that  Mr.  Price,  of  Quebec,  is  the  gentlemen  to  whom  all  this  improvement  is  due. 
That  it  is  he  who  has  opened  up  the  Saguenay  country,  having  erected  many  saw-mills, 
each  the  nucleus  of  a  village,  and  that  a  trade  in  sawed  lumber  is  carried  on  to  the  extent 
of  100  ship  loads  in  the  season.  The  river  i'^  navigable  for  ships  as  far  as  Chicoutimi,  about 
"70  miles  from  its  mouth.  An  extensive  lumbering  establishment  is  there,  and  the  timber 
is  collected  in  winter  tlirough  all  the  neighbouring  country,  as  far  as  Lake  St.  John,  which 
is  60  miles  further  up,  and  is  the  grand  source  of  the  Saguenay. 

'*  After  having  seen  and  heard  all  this,  you  get  on  board,  weigh  anchor,  pass  again  down 
the  river,  reviewing  the  solemn  scene,  probably  meeting  neither  vessel,  boat  nor  canoe, 
through  all  the  dreary  way,  and  arrive  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  in  time  to  cross  to  River 

56 


THE   FALLS  OF   ' 'ONTMORENCL 

dn  Lmip,  where  5011  nt^aiii  tiiid  a  safe  liiirbour  for  tlie  night.  Next  dny  you  again  pass  up 
tlif  St.  Lnwronce,  stiip|iiiiu'  for  a  slioi-t  tiine  at  Murray  Bay,  a  lieautiful  grassy  valloy  on 
the  north  sliore,  mirrouiuliMJ  l.y  wtKHlfd  iimuntains,  and  much  fr.'queiitetl  by  Quebec  fam- 
ilies, as  u  batiiing  ph»ce.  \\n\  arrive  at  Quel)eo  in  the  evening,  tlms  talcing  just  8  days  for 
your  excursion,  at  an  expense  of  about  $12." 


FALLS  OF  MONTMORENCI,  NEAR  QUEt^'  ^. 


1  examin- 
lem  to  be 
It  amity. 
\t  is  due. 
Bvr-mUlB, 
|lie  extent 
.ni,  about 
lie  timber 
no,  -which 


Few  gtranfters  visit  Quebec  without  going  to  see  the  Falls  of  Montmorencl.  These  Falls,  which  are  situated 
In  a  lieiiutiful  nook  of  the  Hvev,  are  hixher  than  those  of  N'iapara,  hiing  more  than  two  hundred  and  tlfty 
feet ;  !)ut  they  are  very  narrow,  being  only  some  fifty  feet  wide.  T'.iis  place  Is  a  very  celebrated  focus  of 
winter  amusements.  During  the  frost,  the  spray  from  the  Falls  aciumulates  to  such  an  extent  as  to  form  a 
oone  of  some  eighty  feet  high.  There  is  al.«o  a  second  cone  of  inferior  altitude,  and  it  is  this  of  which  visit- 
ors njalve  the  most  use,  as  being  le.'^s  dangerous  than  the  higher  one.  They  carry  "  toboggins," — long,  thin 
pieces  of  wood — and  having  arrived  at  the  summit,  jiiace  themselves  on  these  and  slide  down  witli  immense 
velocity.  Ladles  and  gentlemen  both  enter  with  equal  s|)lrit  into  this  amusement.  It  requires  much  skill  to 
avdld  accidents  ;  but  sometimes  people  do  tumble  heels  over  head  to  the  bottom.  They  generally  drive  to 
this  .«pot  in  slelglis,  taking  tlieir  wine  and  provisions  with  them;  and  upon  the  pure  white  cloth  which  nature 
baa  spread  out  for  them,  they  partake  of  their  dainty  repast  and  enjoy  a  most  agreeable  pic-nic.  One  does 
not  fiel  in  the  least  cold,  as  the  exercise  so  thoroughly  warms  and  invigorates  the  system.  The  distance  of 
these  Falls  from  Quebec  is  eight  miles. 

-57 


►ain  down 
[or  canoe, 
[a  to  River 


'**■••  II 


OTTAWA. 


OTTAWA,   CANADA   WEST. 

The  notoriety  whicli  this  city,  in  onibryo,  has  received  lately,  first  as  being  fixeil  upon 
as  tlie  seot  of  i?ovcrnnient  for  Cniiadn,  and  tlien  ilecideil  nj^ainst  as  such  by  the  provincial 
U'giMatiirc, — althougii  it  liad  been  acriuiesced  in  i>y  Her  Majesty  as  tlie  most  advisulde 
locality — lias  invested  it  with  a  signiticance  wliicii,  oliierwise,  it  would  not,  in  all  proba- 
bility, have  obtained. 

Ottawa  is  the  new  name  given  to  the  town  of  Bytown,  by  which  it  has  long  been 
known,  as  the  centre  of  the  immense  lumber  district  of  ihe  Uiver  Ottawa.  It  i^  situated 
on  tiiat  river,  where  the  Rivers  Uidea  and  Gatinean,  and  the  Rideau  Canal,  all  meet. 

The  town  is  intersected  by  the  Rideau  Canal  and  bridge,  ond  forms  three  districts,  viz.; 
that  of  Lower  Town,  on  the  east;  Central  Town,  on  the  west;  ami  Upper  Town,  on  the 
north-west;  all  of  which,  however,  are  on  the  south  side  of  the  River  Ottawa,  and  in 
Canada  West,  the  River  Ottawa,  as  is  well  known,  forming  the  boundary  line  between 
Canada  East  and  Canada  West.  The  town  was  laid  out  under  the  command  of  Colom-l  Hy 
of  the  Royal  Engineers,  who  constructed,  also,  the  Rideau  Caiuil.  Ilenec  the  originol 
name  of  the  town  being  colled  Bytown — although  now  called  Ottawa,  after  the  niagiiiti- 
eent  river  on  which  it  stands. 

The  streets  arc  all  wide  and  regularly  laid  out,  and,  so  far,  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
engineering  skill  employed.  Lower  Town  is  the  most  important  portion  of  the  town,  and, 
in  all  probability,  will  become  the  chief  bu^illess  part,  as  the  population  and  business  in- 
creases. The  two  principal  streets  of  Lower  Town  are  Rideau  street  and  Sussex  street. 
In  Rideau  street  there  are  several  substantial,  stone-built  stores  and  dwellings.  In  Sussex 
street  there  are  also  a  few;  the  majority,  however,  are  wooden  erections,  both  old  and 
new.  In  Central  Town  the  buildings  are  almost  all  of  stone,  presenting  one  excellent 
street,  called  Spark  street;  whilst  Upper  Town  exhibits  a  mixture  of  both  stone  and 
wooden  buildings  in  its  Wellington  street.  All  the  buildings  in  the  town  are  e.veeedingly 
plain,  but  substantially  built,  ond,  being  built  of  gray  limestone,  resendile  very  much  in  ap- 
pearance some  of  the  streets  of  Montreal,  as  well  as  in  the  granite  citj*  of  Aberdeen  (Scot- 
land). On  "  Barrock  Hill,"  the  highest  elevation  of  the  town,  ore  situated  what  are  termed 
the  government  buildings — the  remains,  however,  we  should  soy,  rather  than  of  actual 
buildings.  There  are  a  few  snndl  out-houses  and  ot*ices — which  certainly  do  not  deserve 
the  name  of  government  buildings — with  sundry  small  cannon,  taking  their  ease  on  the 
ground  alongside  of  carriages,  which  have  evidently  seen  service  of  some  sort.  These  are  the 
"dogs  of  war,"  which  ore  intended,  wo  presume,  to  protect  the  town  against  all  invaders. 
On  Barrack  Hill  is,  however,  also  the  residence  of  the  chief  military  authority  of  the  place. 
The  "  location"  of  these  buildings  and  the  "  gun  battery"  alluded  to,  is  eertaiidy  one  of  the 
finest  we  have  seen  any  where,  either  in  Canada  or  the  United  States — equal,  in  some 
respects,  even  to  the  famous  citadel  of  Quebec.  In  the  rear  is  Central  Town,  wliilst  Upper 
and  Lower  Town  ore  completely  commanded  by  it  on  each  side,  whilst  in  front  is  a  ]ire- 
cipitous  embankment  running  down,  almost  perpendicular,  to  the  river,  several  hundred 
feet,  thus  completely  sweeping  tlie  river  and  opposite  shore,  north,  east,  and  west;  so  that, 
in  a  military  point  of  view,  Ottawa  certainly  occupies  one  of  the  finest  natural  jtositions  any 
where  in  Canada;  and,  in  that  respect,  is  the  key  to  an  immense  territory  of  back  country, 
valuable  for  its  wood  and  minerals. 

The  stranger,  on  visiting  Ottawa  for  the  first  time,  is  apt  to  be  disappointed  that  he 
does  not  find  a  larger  "city,"  and  one  more  advanced,  in  nuiny  respects;  but  it  must  be 
lecollected  that  it  has  been  forced  into  ])ublic  notice  from  the  cause  we  have  already  al- 
luded to,  and  obtained  a  publicity,  with  which  parties  at  a  distance  are  apt  to  connect 
wrong  or  exaggerated  ideas;  and  if  the  town  is  not  larger  than  it  is,  the  fault  re.sts  as 
much  in  the  imaginations  of  individuals,  as  with  the  inhabitants,  generally,  of  the  town 
itself,  who,  in  the  short  time,  since  Bytown  became  a  place  of  note,  have  been  doing  their 
utmost  to  make  it  "go  a-head."  In  the  desire  to  do  so,  however,  some  of  the  landholders 
there,  we  fear,  by  putting  very  high  prices  on  their  lots,  and  landlords  refusing  to  give 

58 


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RinXAt-    FALLS,    ETC 


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mmmmm 

ttirnl  InhouiY^r  or  f,  f'ff"«a,  will  do  „'..1I  f  ' 

"'"'"     Population,  about  12  ooa  '  °"'  ''  '""«^- 


LOCKS  0\    HfDKAL*  CAN'AL,   OTTAWA. 


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62 


TOROXTO,   CANADA   West. 


l'"«'*"l  l.y  .-.il^v  ' '  V     '  '    """  "■■"•■•I  f~...  .  ..„„  .  rr     "";"."■  "'"1  l"'«  «  .m,,l, 


'TowN-rax;,' 


">■'<•£  A.Vn  MECAN,,,^.  ,.v,,,„.„. 


ST.    I..\WRENCE  IIALr.. 


TORONTO,   C.VNADA  WEST. 


KINO   STREET    (weST). 

King  street  13  the  principal  thoroughfare 
in  the  city.  It  is  fully  2  miles  in  length,  and 
with  its  many  handsome  stores  and  build- 
ings, forms  the  chief  promenade.  Two  of 
the  largest  buildings  in  the  city  are  in  King 
street,  viz.,  St.  Lawrence  Hall,  and  the  Rossin 
House. 


TO.NGE  STREET   (nORTU). 

Yonge  street  rivals  King  street,  in  its  busy 
bustling  appearance,  and  ahhough  the  stores 
are  not  so  elegant  as  some  in  King  street,  j'et 
a  large  amount  of  retail  buMness  is  trans- 
acted in  the  section  presented  above. 


As  in  most  cities  in  the  United  States,  the  streets  of  Toronto  are  long  and  spacious,  and  laid 
out  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

The  principal  streets  for  wholesale  stores  arc  the  lower  end  of  Yonge  street  and  "Wel- 
lington street,  whilst  Upper  Yonge  street  and  King  street  are  the  chief  streets  for  retail 
business  of  all  sorts. 

We  may  mention  that,  with  the  exception  of  spaces  here  and  there,  tl»e  pavements  in 
all  tlie  streets  are  of  wood — planks  laid  across,  and  nailed  down  to  sleepers. 

The  Provincial  Legislature  holds  its  meetings  in  Toronto,  in  the  government  buildings,  a 
cluster  of  red  brick  buildings  situated  at  the  west  end  of  the  city,  close  to  which  is  the 
residence  of  the  Governor-General,  Sir  Edmund  Walker  Head,  Bart.,  representative  of  Iler 
Majesty  in  Canada. 

The  public  buildings  of  Toronto  are  numerous,  and  some  of  them  very  handsome.  We 
have  engraved,  from  photographs,  four  of  the  principal  buildings,  viz.:  St.  Liiwrence  Hall, 
Trinity  CoHege,  the  Normal  School,  and  Crown-lands  Office,  in  which  building  is  also 
situated  the  xMeehanics'  Institute,  Osgoode  Ilall,  in  Queen  street,  when  com))leted  will  form 
one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the  citj-.  There  the  Superior  CoOrts  of  Law  and  Equity  are 
held.  Besides  those  named,  the  other  public  buildings  of  any  note  are  the  Post-office,  the 
new  General  Hospital  and  the  Lunatic  Asylum — the  latter  an  immense  building  at  the 
western  extremity  of  the  city. 

Toronto  may  well  boast  as  being  the  city  of  churches  in  Canada,  from  the  number  of 
elegant  structures  it  contains,  of  all  denominations.  The  two  largest  are  the  English  Ca- 
thedral and  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral,  but  both,  being  without  spires  as  yet,  do  not 
present  that  graceful  appearance  which  even  some  of  tlie  smaller  churches  do,  although 
none,  we  should  suppose,  exceed  the  rich  and  handsome  interior  or  comfortable  accommo- 
dation of  the  English  Cathedral,  as  a  place  of  worship. 

Toronto  has  several  manufacturing  establishments,  some  of  them  extensive,  and  wliich,  in 
ordinary  good  times,  turn  over  a  large  amount  of  business;  the  city,  from  its  central  posi- 
tion,  and  the  ready  means  of  land  and  water  carriage,  now  extended  almost  in  every  direc- 
tion, affording  great  facilities  for  manufactures  as  well  as  merchandise  finding  their  way 
all  over  the  country. 

G4 


— ...  „,,„„,,.^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^ 


raiXITT   COLUSQE. 


Tl>e  above  builJinc,  j,  ^^e  of  fK 
^•''a>-,-.cte,.  „s  an     'i;.   ,  r  T  "'  '^^"''^'^  ^^^ 

fi"«tintheci,v:  "'"^^^^^""^-^t'^-^ 


™^  ^«««A-   ^ND  MODKZ.   eCHOCs. 


known  ns  fl  e   V         ,         *''^  ^''=t«t'li.<Im,ent 
«Ptem  of  p,.l.Io   IV  '^"'"^""•"'""J''o 


As  we  have  said  T  ^  ~ 

Tl.e  ™ihv.,,  .,„„,„„  ,,  „  ""•""  »«'""J-.  •l.l.o.gh  ie  „ay 

THE  UNrVTTPcr.,.    .._  '''^  *°  Coll,.gwood 


THE  UNIVERSITY,  TOROXTO  C  W 


Tn.  foundation-stone  of  t^- '  ^^''^''^^'  C.  W. 

drawn   from  the  ITniversh,.  p,     f-^l'«"«e  not  to  exceed   «7snnnA*^  "'^  ^''^  Univer^it^t^ 

^I'-iglin  ^"urnuninted  bv  fi  "f'  '"''"^  «  '""^^^ive  Xo,™rn  T!  ^  ?P^"«  «"  the  Park     £ 

t'- west  side  abS  ^2.  ^   ^^T'  "^'^  ^'^  ^^  S-  X  '^L^'ir"^"^'  ^'"' "^^^^ 
Ihe  tfenera    acconimM,l„*:       ■  -^    "  *  side  is  260  feet  ntul 

^•ith  professors'  rlnrStad  r  r.  '"""P"^^'^  '"  ^he  lecture  then.  . 

curator's  rooms;    senate   ol,  'V  "'"'  '•^■"•"'"^'  roo„ "  m         ''  "1^^  "'"«  class-room, 

convocation  hall  present'    rr""'!  '^T"'^^-^'-  ro^s  «  d'     t   !r 'n '•'"' P'-*^P«'-'"i"-' n^.d 
<^""".-i.n  and  alLeeestrrap^ltS^ ---•  ^""^-^^^0^3^^^ 

65 


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KLN'OSTON,    CANADA  WEST. 


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KINGSTON,   CANADA  "WEST. 


i 


view  of  the  surrounding  country  is  obtained.  Tliese  buildings,  besides  the  immense  ITull, 
which  is  used  on  nil  public  occasions,  and  for  concerts,  etc.,  contain  the  common  council 
chambers,  city  offices,  conmuTcinl  news  room,  agency  of  the  bank  of  British  Nortli  Ameri- 
ca, temporary  post-office,  wholesale  stores  and  w^aroiiouses,  together  with  numerous  otlier 
offices,  etc.,  which  will  give  some  idea  of  its  proportions.  Its  average  cost  was  one  hundred 
and  twenty  thousand  dollars.  The  new  "  Court  House  and  Jail,"  now  completed,  stands 
next  in  order,  and  is,  indeed,  nn  ornament  to  the  city,  the  front  elevation,  with  its  six  mag- 
nificent pillars,  being  in  Grecian  Ionic  style,  and  the  design  extremely  chaste  and  elegant. 
Its  length  is  208  feet,  width  54  feet.  The  average  outlay  in  its  construction  was  nearly 
ninety  tliousand  dollars.  The  lower  story  is  designed  for  public  offices,  above  wliieh  are 
the  court  and  council  rooms,  consisting  of  the  asi^izos  and  county  court,  the  division  court, 
and  county  council  rooms,  etc.  In  rear  are  the  Jail  and  jailer's  dwelling,  forming  an  extensive 
wing  to  the  main  building.  The  other  buildings  of  note  are,  the  Homan  Catholic  Ciithe- 
dral,  and  Regiopolis  College;  the  General  Hospital,  Queen's  College,  the  Grammar 
i^chool;  St.  George's,  St.  Paul's,  and  St.  James's  Protestant  Cluu-ches;  St.  Andrew's  Church, 
Irish  Free  Church,  Chalmer's  Church,  Wesleyan  and  Primitive  Methodist  CSmrches,  Con- 
gregational Church,  Baptist  Church,  Apostolic  Church,  and  the  old  French  Roman  Catho- 
lic Church,  now  used  as  a  nunnery.  The  new  Custom  House  and  Post-office,  recently  com- 
pleted, would  be  an  ornament  to  any  city.  The  chief  public  institutions  are,  the  General 
Hospital,  House  of  Industry,  Hotel  Dieu,  Mechanics'  Institute,  etc.  There  are  two  daily 
newspapers — "  The  British  Whig,"  the  first  dailj-  published  in  Canada  '\Ve^t,  and  "  The 
News ;"  one  tri-weekly  in  the  Roman  Catholic  interest,  the  "  Herald ;"  and  four  weeklies, 
the  "  Chronicle  and  News,"  the  "  British  Whig,"  the  "  Commercial  Advertiser,"  and  the 
"  Tribune."  One  thing  must  not  be  overlooked  in  mentioning  the  lions  of  the  city — the 
Public  Park,  which,  in  a  few  years,  will  be  a  chief  source  of  healthful  recreation  to  the 
citizens, 

Kingston  has  long  been  known  for  its  safe  and  capacious  harbour,  which  is  well 
adapted  to  shelter  a  large  fleet  of  vessels,  besides  having  ^er  twenty  wharves,  some  of 
them  very  extensive,  and  furnished  with  capacious  warehouses  and  accommodations  for 
the  forwai'ding  t':ade.  The  shipping  trade  has  long  been  a  chief  feature  of  the  place.  In 
addition  to  the  sliip  j-ards  at  Garden  Island,  opposite,  and  at  Portsmouth,  at  the  extreme 
west  end  of  the  city,  there  is  the  noted  Marine  Railway  of  John  Counter,  Esq.,  from  all  of 
wliich  have  been  launched  the  greatest  number  and  largest  tonnage  of  Canadian  vessels  in 
Canada  West.     Kingston,  in  this  particular,  being  only  second  to  (iuebeo. 

A  branch  railroad  has  lately  been  made  across  a  portion  of  the  bay  below  the  Catarn- 
qni  Bridge,  to  connect  w'ith  the  city  from  the  main  depot,  coming  in  at  the  foot  of  Onta- 
rio street,  at  the  Tete  du  Pont  barracks,  and  passing  thence  along  the  harbour  to  Shaw's 
wharf  where  the  branch  or  city  depot  is  to  be  established.  Kingston  has,  also,  her  Crj's- 
tal  Palace,  at  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  in  which  the  County  Agricultural,  Horticultural, 
and  other  shows  are  held,  and  in  which  will  be  held  the  Provincial  Association's  great  An- 
nual Show  for  1859.  This  is  a  large,  handsome,  and  commodious  building,  which  speaks 
favourably  for  the  public  enterprise  of  the  Kingstonese,  and  the  yeomenry  of  the  county 
of  Frontenac.  Not  the  least  remarkable  evidence  of  the  prosperity  of  the  farming  com- 
munity, is  the  large  markets  in  Kingston — larger,  perhaps,  than  any  others  in  Canada,  and 
attesting  greatly  in  favour  of  the  superiority  of  the  land  in  the  vicinity. 

Kingston  is  well  defended,  judging  from  her  martello  towers,  market  battery,  and  ex- 
tensive and  commanding  fortifications  at  Fort  Henry  and  Point  Frederick.  Towards  the 
west  end  of  the  city  are  numerous  handsome  private  residences,  fronting  on  Lake  Ontario. 
Still  further  on  is  the  private  Insane  Asylum,  at  "  Rockwood."  The  Penitentiary,  situated 
on  the  lake  shore,  is  a  great  attraction  to  strangers  visiting  Kingston.  It  is  surrounded 
with  walls  30  feet  high,  with  flanking  towers,  the  whole  covering  an  area  of  about  twen- 
ty acres.  Inside  the  walls,  the  first  building  seen  is  of  a  cruciform  shape,  in  one  wing  of 
which  is  the  hospital;  in  another,  the  dining-hall;  above  these,  the  chapel;  and  under- 
neath, the  asylum  for  the  insane.  The  north  part  is  the  dwelling-house  of  the  Warden 
and  other  officers,  with  a  beautiful  garden  attached ;  the  remainder  being  occupied  as  cells 
for  the  convicts,  who  are  all  well  cared  for,  and  have,  with  their  own  hands,  erected  the 
walls,  worksliops,  sheds,  cells,  etc.  At  the  back,  and  next  the  lake  side,  are  ranges  of 
workshops,  where  the  surplus  labour  is  let  to  contractors. 

On  the  whole,  Kingston  seems  to  keep  the  even  tenour  of  her  way  amongst  the  cities  of 
Canada  West,  with  a  creditable  steadiness  and  perseverance;  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  most 
healthy  localities  in  the  province;  with  a  population  of  about  13,000.  Kingston  is  repre- 
sented in  the  Upper  House  by  the  Honourable  Alexander  Campbell,  and  in  the  Lower 
House  by  the  Honourable  John  A.  Macdonald,  the  ex-Premier;  the  member  for  the  county 
being  the  Honourable  Henry  Smitli,  Sjieaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly. 

The  station  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  is  about  2  miles  from  the  city.  Omnibuses 
ply  to  and  from  it,  in  connection  with  the  hotels. 

68 


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LONDON. 


LONDON,   CANADA  WEST. 


Like  its  nnmesake,  the  groat  Babylon  of  EnglnnJ,  Loiulon,  C.  W.,  is  in  the  County  of 
jruUlk'sex,  and  also  on  the  River  Tliiimos,  witli  streets  and  bridges  named  after  those  of  tli« 
•Treat  eity.  There,  however,  the  similarity  ends.  It  possesses  some  excellent  public  build- 
ings and  eliurehes,  and  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  rich  agricultural  dis- 
trict, wliich  furnishes  it  with  a  large  iimount  of  trade  in  grain  and  other  agriculliir;il  |)ri>- 
duce.  rrcvioHs  to  the  late  connnereial  panic,  few  places  showed  greater  signs  of  progress 
than  London;  in  fact  it  went  ahead  too  fast,  like  many  other  cities  and  towns,  eoni-e(juently 
it  lias  felt  the  revulsion  all  the  more — and  every  de|iartment  of  business,  nearly,  has 
suffered — to  revive  again,  we  hope,  when  business  becomes  more  buoyant  generally.  The 
town  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  sup|iorts  as  many  as  six  newspapers,  and  five  bank  agencies 
The  streets  are  wide,  and  laid  off  at  right  angles.  London  is  one  of  the  prhicipal  stations 
on  the  Great  Western  Railroad  of  Canada,  on  the  section  from  Ihimilton.  toAVindsoi-,  with 
a  branch  to  port  Stardey,  on  Loke  Erie,  from  whicli  there  is  a  regular  steam  communica- 
tion with  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

The  soil  in  the  inunediate  vicinity  of  London,  it  is  true,  is  siindy,  and  the  country  almost 
a  dead  level,  as  far  as  Windsor;  but  you  cannot  travel  many  miles  in  a  mirtliern  or  south- 
ern direction,  until  you  meet  with  an  undulating  country,  and  productive  farms,  wiiose 
proprietors,  of  course,  betake  themselves  to  London  for  sale  and  purchase — for  mart  and 
market. 

Our  representation  of  London  is  from  one  of  several  photographs,  supplied  to  us  by 
Sir.  E.  H.  Longman,  of  London,  C.  W.,  and,  from  the  excellent  manner  in  wiiieli  tlu-y  are 
executed,  we  feel  pleasure  and  confidence  in  saying,  that  the  photographic  art  is  well  re- 
presented there  by  Mr  Longman — judging  from  the  specimens  he  lias  supplied  to  us. 


HAMILTON,   C.  W. 


.*i;-  ^ 

■n. 


Hamilton,  one  of  the  cities  of  Canada  West,  is  situated  at  the  south-western  ex;tremity  of 
Burlington  Bay,  an  inlet  at  the  head  of  Laki-  Ontario,  and  terminus  of  lake  navigation. 
The  site  on  which  Hamilton  is  built,  occupies  gradually  rising  grouml  for  aliout  a  mile  and 
a  half  from  the  shore  of  the  lake  to  the  base  of  the  hill,  calle<l  the  Jlountain,  wliich  rise?;  rp 
in  the  background.  It  was  laid  out  in  181!i,  and  has  spread  with  won<lert'ul  riipidiiy — fiisur 
than  almost  any  otlier  town  in  Canada.  In  1841  the  population  was  only  about  aSUO,  while 
in  1850  it  had  increased  to  1(1,312,  and  now  has  reached  to  neai'ly  ;;0,(Jti( 

Hamilton  is  the  centre  of  one  of  the  most  extensive  and  iiest  agriculttiral  portiiins  of 
Canada,  and  in  its  vicinitj*  aVe  to  be  seen  some  of  the  best  cultivated  farms,  not  long  re- 
claimed from  the  primeval  forest 

As  in  most  American  cities,  the  streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  present  a  fine, 
spacious  appearance.  The  public  buildings,  banks,  ehurclies  and  hotels,  whicli  are  amongst 
the  finest  in  the  province,  are  built  of  stone  and  bricV.  Some  of  the  merchants'  stores  excel 
any  thing  of  the  same  sort  in  Toronto,  or  c. en  Montreal,  and  ai'c  carried  on  by  some  of 
the  largest  intporters  in  Canada,  who  do  an  extensive  business  throuirhout  the  country. 

Tiie  cl'.ief  business  streets — named  King.  John,  James,  York,  and  McXab  streets — are 
situated  a  considerable  distance  ba^-k  from  the  shore. 

The  Gore  Bank  of  Canada  has  iis  head-quarters  in  Hamilton,  in  addition  to  wliich  there 
are  five  or  six  other  Bank  a'jencics. 

Tiie  finest  and  certainly  most  extensive  view  of  the  city  is  to  be  had  from  the  Mountain. 

70 


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NEW  YORK  a  BOSTON, 

Via  Newport   and  Fall  River. 


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'$tb  fch,  '§ost0u  ^  Jfall  llikr  '§mt, 


l)V    TIIK    WLKNDII)    AM)    SSIPKIlIOIl    STKAMKHg 


METROPOLIS,  BAY  STATE  AND  EMPIRE  STATE, 

Of  great  strength  nnd  speed,  particularly  adapted  to  the  navigation  of  Long  Island  Sound,  run- 
ning in  connection  with  the 

FALL  RIVER  AND   OLD   COLONY  RAILROADS, 

a  diittancc  of  fifty-three  miles  only  of  railroad  to  Boston. 

Leave  New  York,  from  Pier  No.  3,  North  River,  near  the  Huttery, 

The    Steamer   METROPOLIS,   Captain   Brown, 

on  Tucsday^<,  Thursdays,  and  Saturdays,  at  5  o'clock  v.  m.  in  tiie  Summer,  and  4  r.  m.  in  the  Win- 
ter, touching  at  Newport  each  way. 

The  Steamer  EMPIRE  STATE,  Capt.  Brayton, 

on  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  ">  o'clock  i>.  m.  in  the  Summer,  and  4  p.  m.  in  the 
Winter,  touching  at  Newport  each  way. 

The   Steamer    BAT    STATE,   Captain    Jewett. 

A  Train  of  Cars,  to  connect  with  these  IJoats  at  Fall  Kiver  for  New  York,  leaves  Boston  every 
afternoon  from  tlie  Depot  of  the  Old  Colony  and  Fall  River  Railroad. 

The  Steamers  of  this  Line  arc  fitted  with  commodious  state-rooms,  and  every  arrangement 
for  the  security  and  comfort  of  passengers,  who  are  afforded  by  this  route  a  night's  rest  on 
board,  and  on  arrival  at  Fall  River,  proceed  per  railroad  again,  reaching  Boston  early  on  the 
following  morning. 

A  baggage  master  is  attached  to  each  steamer,  who  receives  and  tickets  the  baggage,  and 
'  accompanies  the  same  to  its  destination. 

A  steamer  runs  in  connection  with  this  line,  between  Fall  River  and  Providence,  daily,  ex- 
cept Sundays. 

Freight  to  Boston  is  taken  at  the  same  rates  as  by  other  regular  lines,  and  forwarded  with 
the  greatest  expedition,  by  an  Express  freight  train,  which  leaves  Fall  River  every  morning 
(Sundays  excepted),  at  7i  o'clock,  for  Boston  and  New  Bedford,  arriving  at  its  destination  at 
about  11  o'clocK  A.  M. 

For  freight  or  passage  apply  en  board,  or  at  the  ofEcc  on  Pier  3,  North  River,  where  state- 
rooms and  berths  may  be  secured.  Hereafter  no  rooms  will  be  regarded  as  secured  to  any  ap- 
plicant until  the  same  shall  have  been  paid  for.    For  further  information  apply  to 


w  t7:t- 


'    ''  70   and   71   l¥est  street,   IV.  Y. 


< 


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v*» 


<: 


SPECIFIC  Ul:MKI)^     FOR   CONSrMPTION. 
WINCHESTER'S 

V  CIKXI'INK    I'HKI'UUTIKN   of   TIIK 

HTFOFHOSPHnES    OF    LIME   AND   SODA, 

[Tlio  l)in(!ovL'ry  »(  Dr.  .1.  V.  ('iimc'iiii.i,,  of  I'mis, |  for  tlio  piovi'iilioii  iiiiil  rurc  of 


And  ttfuc /or  XcrroiiM  IfimiiMri,  /^i/xpt/niiii,   /ii-hi/it;/,   Anf/niiii,   lironchitiK    >»■>•' ij'ultr, 

C/i/ni'iiyi",   Fvmtih'    ('i>iitj)liiliitn,  d-i\ 

I       Tlie  e<triiiiiillii«ry  it'Hiilts  oUtiiiiieil  In  rll  SIiixhh  of  I'liliihiinivy  MlKeiiKe  liy  Dr.  t  lnnrtilirn  new  Treiitiiietit, 
tlie  lly,)ophoi|ililteii  of  Mini.-  iiiiil  ^>l)lla,  it'iiinMiii  hII  rriiiiiiiiliiK  ilmilit  iih  In  llir  liiRxllniiililo  viiliiu  of  ttiii  IIh 
covery,    Ooiiauinptloii  1:4  no  InnKur  In  l>u  n'^itrclud  iik  iin  liinintlili-  nmludy. 

Special  Effects  of  the  Treatment. 

'Pie  llypophoi«|>lilt«f«  liiivi;  »  iwnloM  ami  ijii  lllc  Hcllun  :  on  Ihc  oin'  loinil,  lliey  Increuie  the  I'rir.clpltf, 
wlmtt'vi'r  Ihikl  niiiy  be,  wlilcli  CDnstltiilcN  ni'i-vo.in  for'-e  ;  iiml,  on  llii!  oIIkt,  Ihey  ar«!  th«  nioHt  powerful  lilood 
KcnerHlliiK  iH««il",  f>iv  »ii|>t-'i'lor  to  any  liitlo'ilo  known.  Tlieir  |iliy»loI()){lcttl  elTeelK  are  »linwn  liy  an  Incronse 
of  ncrvons  power,  noniellTneit  even  from  the  tlrHt  day  of  their  aiiinlulHtratlon,  together  with  atl  uiiusiinl 
feeiUiK  of  comfort  iind  Ktreni/lli.  The  ni-rvoM  Hyniptoniji,  If  tliere  have  been  any,  illaappear,  n*  well  «h  the 
functional  (luranK<'nient«,  such  in  weight,  Ar.,  of  the  Inle^tltml  nmcotiit  Durfiice.  The  appetite  Iricreiiiteit, 
often  in  nn  extram'dinary  nninner.  The  evacuations  become  rcKular  and  more  abundant;  the  peniplratlonii, 
If  they  have  existed,  ceu<c  ;  sleep  becoiUfS  calm  anil  profound. 

UIM  ll^>«TKH'S   4;K\1'I\I-:   pbki»\h\tio\. 

Ih  put  up  in  lartje  bottles  wllli  the  folhovlnti  words  ti/oiin  hi  the  j//iIhm,  Dr.  ,1 
I'llO.SI'inTKS  OK  I.IMK  .\ND  OK  HODA.  .1.  WINt'llKSTKIt,  NKW  YOltK. 
f'llcMiiiillif  slKiiature.     .No  other  is  (rcnulne. 

j:iir"The  I'hospinitesor  "Cheiuicai  Kood"  si.  cillfdl  aio  radically  dKf'rent  from  the  llypoplnispldtes,  and 
can  in  no  cases  lie  used  as  substitutes.  Hear  this  I'lict  In  ndinl.  No  preparation  contnlnlnKiriMi  can  lie  used 
without  daiiKcr  of  inliannuailon  and  hemorrhiiKC.  No  oilier  druK  or  medicine  should  be  combined  witli  the 
llypophosplilles,  or  uned  at  the  same  time.     This  Is  tlie  only  remedy  that  will  cure. 

{3!f"  5'rlce,  $!i.OO,  or  three  boltics  for  iji.'.(Ki,  with  full  directions  for  use.  fhiKlp  bollleti,  In  cnnceutrated 
solution,  sent  by  mall,  when  specially  ordered.  I  el  no  one  deceive  you,  but  purchase  and  uio  only  "  Win- 
chester's Preparation."  Bold  wholesale  and  retail  at.  Hie  ,>>ole  tieneral  Depot  In  the  I'nlted  Stales,  where  <ir- 
culars  and  />/'.  (Ihurchill'x  il  </■/•  on  ruHHitiiij/tinii  may  be  obtained,  on  remlttlnif  12  cents,  l,>r  pnstiiK''. 

Addr<>Ks  J.  WIIMC^IIKKTIBK,    a:i  John  »iiti'<>4>t,  New  York. 

-'--,  SStnter  €\m  iiiib  |)D5cio-CI;crii|Jcntit  College. 


K.  i'iiriu'iiii.i.'s  iivi'o. 

Kach   bottle  hus  aUo  my 


I  This  cumniodlous 
estublishiuent  has  ac- 
vomuiodation  for  One 
Hundred  persons.  It 
Is  located  in  the  busi- 
ness jiart  of  the  city, 
yet  it  is  (pilet  and  airy, 
being  adjacent  to  tlic 
beautiful  promenade 
of  St.  .lolm's  Parle. 


No.    15    LAIGHT    STREET,    NEW    YORK. 


RESIDENT     PHYSKJIANS 


R.    T,    TRAT.L,    M.  D 


I 


r>.    A.    GORTON,  M.  D. 


Cancers  arc  treated  successfully  on  a  new  plan,  comliininjt  cauter|y:ation  ami  conKcIation.  Kvery  variety 
of  J)y8pc))tic,  Hhcuiiiatic,  Neiiraijiic,  I'aralytic,  Consumjitive,  and  Nervous* Alfections,  are  treated  witfi 
remarkable  success.  Stiuknts  are  educated  for  llygelo-Therapeutic  Practitioners  and  llvaUh-Kcform 
Teacliers  and  Lecturers.     Ample  facilities  are  provided  for  a  thorough  medical  course  of  study. 

Persons  visiting  New  Y(u-k  on  business  or  pleasure  will  Iind  this  Institution  an  agreeable  IIomk,  and  a 
JlK.\Lri!r  resort  durinu  tlicir  stay  in  the  city.    Tliey  will  be  accommodated  witli  a  strictly  Pliysiological  diet. 

Pkicks. — Patients  are  charged  i{:.'>,  examination  fee ;  full  treatment  witli  board,  from  17  to  15  jier  week, 
accoriling  to  room.  Pkhshnknt  Ho.iiidkks,  from  iji5  to  HI  per  week.  Tk.vn.'Siknt  lloAHiibjn),  from  $1  to  $1.50 
per  day.  Pkkscbiptions,  for  home  treatmeui,  verbal  or  by  letter,  |."i.  Kach  subsequent  letter  or  advice,  $1, 
Tickets  to  the  Lectures :  Summer  course,  ♦•M) ;  Winter,  $75.     Payatilc  in  advance. 


At  Ihi-  Institution, 
Diseases  are  treated 
on  strictly  llygleidc 
Principles.  Kspecial 
nttention  is  given  to 
tlie  management  of 
Uterine  Discuses  nml 
KlsptacemenUs. 


%g. 


Kntered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  In  tlie  year  IS.")!),  by  Alk.v.^nukr  IIvutuii.i.,  In  the  Clerk's  Office 
of  the  District  Court  of  tlie  Cuited  States  for  tlie  Soulhern  District  of  New  York. 


.f^ir"- 


¥ 


NEW     YOBI£    <'AHPKT     MNIIV<>I    CJOITIPANy, 

SOLE  Mniiurnctiirrr  of  lUilNrMUToM'ii  I'atiiiit  (tNriir  l.iNiNii,  n  miliiltlutA  for  Puprr,  HtrAW  or  nny  nihcr 
artlcit  uifil  for  litylnK  under  Carpetii,  Oit'Clolhii,  Ac,  It  proifcl*  IIih  <'«rfirt  rriim  th«  iiHll-h««ilt  or 
•ny  uiiDvriineH  In  tli«  Uoori,  In  R  iiuilllnr  nf  Koiitid,  mul  In  witrrantfil  to  adil  nriy  per  oeiil  to  tlia  tluralilllty 
of  ('•rpcta  or  Oil-Cloth,     Kur  aitie  itt  Miiy  of  llir  |iiiiii'l|iHl  I'lirpot  Slom.     aIko  iuaiiiir«clureri  of 

Harrlngton'a  New  Mlllinot  'Wadding, 

(I'ateiit  applied  fur)  a  ■iiliiilltule  for  glkiad  Wmldliiir.     Tiillori,  ('np  Maki^r*,  Furrlera,  <kiv,  are  Invited  to  rnll 
and  examine  at  the  ialeirooni,  No.  (t'i  WAKKKN  HTUKKT,  Norllieaiit  corner  ColltKe  I'Ihcp,  opponile  lliid- 


ion  Klv«r  Kallroad  Depot. 


llarrtiiKton'i  I'reiiiluin  Hulti  con^iintly  niiiiiuraclurlMK. 

J    H    lltRHI\4JT»V 


.'Varnt 


NEW   ILLUSTRATED   aUIDE   BOOKS. 

JuhI    M'ubllHhed.        i't-Ue    45    CettlH   fach. 

The  iMlNltlNHippl,  tVoin  St.  raiil  to  Nt'W  Orltiinn,  ^utll  <I('iH>ri|iliiiiiit  of  cvprv  city,  towu, 
mid  villn^i^  tliroiiirlioiit.  tlx'  ciitiiv  litif^tli  of  iIm'  roiitf.  WHIi  80  i(ivcr  Cliaili 
ft'iiinn  Kiii'vt'V  iiiiiiK!  ill  1858,  and  10  Kiiirntviiii^n  of  llic  principal  citicaconifoctt-d 
witit  iti»  tr«<i«  nnd  coinnicrcc     I'lice  'ib  ccntx. 

ThO  9t»  Ijlt%vr«*IIC6 — in  oiif  ^rnnd  I'anoraniii;  View,  from  NinijRru  to  Quebec — en- 
fjfavcd  tVoiii  tlip  ciinrtA  of  tile  Canadian  f{ovcrnni«'iit,  showing  tlic  r!vcri«,  lnkci«, 
rapidn,  fal1i<,  citicx,  and  town'*  tliroiii^liont  tlic  route  of  itoo  nitlee— witii  letter- 
i>rei<»  l)<*erij>fit>nn  and  Kngravingf*  of  Kccncs  on  tln'  St,  Lawrence,  the  Tlioumnd 
iHlandM,  and  all  the  cities  in  CanadM.     I'rice  'iH  cento. 

The  Hudson — (^atdkill  Mountain^>,  Saratui;!),  Lake  rieorge,  Lake  Clianiplain  nnd  CU<|^ 
of  New  York.  DcHcrilied  and  illininitcd  with  fifty  iCngravinj^s  of  tlie  clioicest 
^'oencrt  and  places  <if  interest  eoiineeted  tlierewitli.      Trice  *i')  cento. 

NlttSai'*^  and  l¥hlte  ITIountninN,  to;j!etlier  with  Trenton,  (ienci<eo,  and  Munt- 
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thirty-four  engraving*  of  the  scenery  of  thoKc  world-renowned  dintrlet*,  wKli 
copious  lettcr-|»re!<s  descriptions  i.f  each  plnee  noticed. 

Tlie  above  works  have  been  got  up  in  the  best  i»tyle  in  every  respect.  ThcengravingHaro 
from  photographs  nnd  pencil  (bawings,  and  ar<-  faithful  represcntatioue  of  each  place  uitd 
object.    The}'  are  executed  by  fonie  of  the  best  engravers  in  the  llnltod  Htntes. 

The  letter-press  nnd  paper  are  of  the  best — as  orders  for  single  copies  will  testify.  Tliey 
arc  offered  ns  the  best  illustrated,  best  printed,  niont  reliabh",  and  latest  guide-books  to  tlie 
respective  districts. 

To  be  hud  of  all  biMikscllers  and  newsmen  throughout  llif  United  Stntea  uml  Cannclns. 
Copies  mailed  free — on  receipt  of  the  price — by  Alex.  Ilarlhill,  publisher,  20  North  William 
street,  New  York. 

The  trade  supplie'l  l>y  Ross  A  Tousey,  H.  Dexter  &  Co.,  llendriekson,  lllake  &  Long, 
New  York  ;  Peterson  lirothcrs,  i'liilndelphia  :  lirown,  Taggard  ifc  Chase,  IJoston  ;  .1.  C  Mor- 
gan, New  Orleans;  L.  liushnell,  8t  Ixtuis;  MeL<-nr  tt  ('o.,  Toronto ;  H.  Dawson  &  Son, 
Montreal. 


GENUINE 


:i»ii]:«i 


:CK  &  CO.  CHAMPAGNE. 


Supericiffli^^ 


e 
3 

le- 
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n 

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Sole  Importer  in  the  United  States  &  Canada. 


L.  E.  AMSINCK,  82  Pearl  Street,  New  Tork. 

Sole  t^gent  fof  ff^hlowp  IMnrmony''H  Sherries^  Cruse  and  W^tltt 

M'rereH^  Claret   JW*inea, 


^£ 


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